


























































■ 









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4 

































































DEPARTMENT OP THE INTERXOR-U. S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director 


MINERAL PRODUCTS OF THE 
UNITED STATES 


REVIEW OF CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT 
IN 1910 AND 1911 


By EDWARD AV. PARKER 


ADVANCE CHAPTER FROM MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE UNITED STATES 

EAT/ENDAR YEAR 1911 
























DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR-U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director 


MINERAL PRODUCTS OF THE 
UNITED STATES 

c v? 

REVIEW OF CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT TF 
IN 1910 AND 1911 

■ - 

V • 

By EDWARD W. PARKER Si 


ADVANCE CHAPTER FROM MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE UNITED STATES 

CALENDAR YEAR 1911 



WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1912 
















D. OF D. 
IaS T 1913 














/n* V- a-// 


MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE UNITED STATES IN 
1911-PART I. 


MINERAL PRODUCTS OF THE UNITED STATES: REVIEW OF 
CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


By Edward W. Parker. 


CHARACTER AND SCOPE OF THE REPORT. 

The arrangement and scope of the statistical data contained in 
this report are practically the same as in the twenty-seven preceding 
reports of the series Mineral Resources of the United States. Each 
report records the development of the mineral industries of the 
United States since the time covered by the preceding number of the 
series; the reports should therefore oe consulted together. Each 
chapter is a census of the productive features of the industry under 
discussion. The statistics of the imports and exports of minerals, 
which form an essential part of the volume, are obtained through the 
courtesy of the Chief of the Bureau of Statistics, Department of 
Commerce and Labor. 

During recent years the statistical treatment has been comple¬ 
mented by studies of the sources of the mineral production and the 
application of the products in the useful arts. The volumes have in 
this way grown into a cyclopedia of information, in fact as in name, 
on the mineral resources of the United States. An accurate knowl¬ 
edge of nature’s storehouses from which future supplies are to be 
drawn is recognized as of paramount importance. To obtain this 
knowledge, as well as to record the history of past achievement, i3 
the purpose and aim of the division of mineral resources. 

COOPERATION WITH STATE GEOLOGtfCAX, SURVEYS. 

• 

In the preparation of the present report, as of those for 1908 and 
1910, the United States Geological Survey has had the active coopera¬ 
tion of most of the State geological surveys. The statistics in such 
cases have been used joinUy by the State and Federal surveys, and 
the results have been checked before publication. The objects 
attained by cooperative agreement are four in number: 

1. The avoidance of annoyance to the producers in the form of 
duplicate requests for the same statistical information. 

2. The securing of prompter and more complete returns. 

3. The enabling of the State geologists to keep in touch with the 
producers and with new developments in their respective jurisdictions. 

4. The avoidance of two divergent sets of statistics covering the 
same field and each bearing an official stamp, the existence of which 
is necessarily confusing to a student of the subject and tends to 
discredit one statement or the other, if not both. 


7 





8 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


Special acknowledgment is made of the assistance received by the 
United States Geological Survey from the directors of the State 
surveys; the cooperative arrangement has been carried out in a 
harmonious manner and with exceedingly gratifying results. 

The officials who cooperated with the United States Geological 
Survey in 1911 are as follows: 


Alabama.Dr. Eugene A. Smith, State geologist, University. 

Georgia.Dr. S. W. McCallie, State geologist, Atlanta. 

Illinois.Mr. Frank W. De Wolf, director, Urbana. 

Iowa.Mr. George F. Kay, director, Iowa City. 

Kansas.Dr. Erasmus Haworth, State geologist, Lawrence. 

Kentucky.Mr. C. J. Norwood, director, Lexington. 

Maryland.Dr. Wm. B. Clark, State geologist, Baltimore. 

Michigan.Mr. R. C. Allen, director, Lansing. 

Missouri.Dr. H. A. Buehler, director, Rolla. 

New Jersey.Dr. Henry B. Kiimmel, State geologist, Trenton. 

North Carolina.Dr. Joseph Hyde Pratt, State geologist, Chapel Hill. 

Oklahoma.Mr. D. W. Ohern, director, Norman. 

Oregon.Prof. H. M. Parks, director, Corvallis. 

Pennsylvania.Mr. Richard R. Hice, State geologist, Beaver. 

Texas.Dr. Wm. B. Phillips, director, Austin. 

Virginia.Dr. Thomas L. Watson, director, Charlottesville. 

Washington.Mr. Henry Landes, State geologist, Seattle. 

Wisconsin.Mr. W. 0. Hotchkiss, State geologist, Madison. 


ORGANIZATION. 

The division of mineral resources, under which this series of reports 
is compiled, has for the last few years been divided into two sections, 
namely, “metals” exclusive of iron and “nonmetals” including iron 
ores and pig iron. The section of metals has been under the admin¬ 
istrative charge of Waldemar Lindgren and that of nonmetals under 
Frank B. Van Horn. For the purpose, primarily, of facilitating the 
work of collecting the statistics or the precious metals and of pro¬ 
viding convenient places for consulting the publications of the United 
States Geological Survey by the mining fraternity of the Western 
States, offices of this division are maintained in Denver, Colo., Salt 
Lake City, Utah, and San Francisco, Cal. H. D. McCaskey has 
general supervision of the western offices. The division of mineral 
resources works in close cooperation with the division of economic 
geology, and most of the chapters and subchapters are prepared by 
geologists specialized in.the subjects treated by them. The advantage 
of having the services of these specialists, familiar with the occurrence, 
treatment, and uses of the various mineral substances, is well recog¬ 
nized and has added materially to the standard of the reports. The 
contributions to the present report have been prepared by the follow¬ 
ing persons: 

General: 

Edward W. Parker—Review of conditions in 1910 and 1911. 

William T. Thom—Summary of mineral production. 

In the section of metals: 

H. D. McCaskey—General report on gold and silver; gold, silver, copper, lead, and 
zinc in Eastern States (mine report); general supervision of reports on gold, 
silver, copper, lead, and zinc in Western States (mine report); metals and metallic 
ores—summary; quicksilver. 

C. E. Siebenthal—-General reports on lead, zinc, and cadmium. 

B. S. Butler—General report on copper; special report on silver and copper in 
Michigan. 

W. Lindgren—Platinum. 

F. L. Hess—Tin; arsenic; antimony; bismuth; selenium; tungsten; vanadium; 
uranium; nickel; cobalt; titanium; tantalum. 














CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


9 


J. P. Dunlop—Silver, copper, lead, and zinc in Central States (mine report); statistics 
of recovery of secondary metals, published as a press bulletin. 

A. H. Brooks—Gold, silver, and copper in Alaska (mine report). 

Chas. W. Henderson (in charge of Denver office)—Gold, silver, copper, lead; and zinc 
in Colorado, New Mexico, South Dakota, Wyoming, and Texas (mine report). 
Chas. G. Yale (in charge of San Francisco office)—Gold, silver, copper, lead, and 
zinc in California and Oregon (mine report). 

V. C. Heikes (in charge of Salt Lake City office)—Gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc 

in Arizona, Utah, Nevada, and Montana (mine report). 

C. N. Gerry—Gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc in Idaho and Washington (mine 
report). 

In the section of nonmetals: 

Edward W. Parker—Coal; coke; briquetting of fuels. 

David T. Day—Petroleum; asphalt, bituminous rock, and related bitumens. 

David T. Day and B. Hill—Natural gas. 

Charles A. Davis—Peat. 

Ernest F. Burchard—Stone; iron ore and pig iron; cement; fluorspar and cryolite; 

gypsum; lime; manganese ore; sand and gravel. 

Jefferson Middleton—Clay-working industries; sand-lime brick; feldspar and quartz; 

fuller’s earth. 

A. T. Coons—Slate. 

J. S. Diller—Asbestos; talc and soapstone. 

W. C. Phalen—Abrasive materials; salt and bromine; mineral paints; barytes and 
strontium; bauxite and aluminum; chromium; potash salts; sulphur and pyrite. 

F. B. Van Horn—Phosphate rock. 

Douglas B. Sterrett—Gems and precious stones; mica; monazite. 

E. S. Bastin—Graphite. 

Hoyt S. Gale—Borax; magnesite. 

George C. Matson—Mineral waters. 

R. B. Dole—Concentration of mineral waters in relation to their therapeutic effects. 

Since 1907, when, at his own request, David T. Day was relieved as 
chief of division, the administration of the division of mineral resources 
has been under Edward W. Parker, statistician in charge. 

HISTORICAL REVIEW. 

In the present report, as in the preceding ones of the series, the 
treatment of the mineral production is primarily by subjects. For 
detailed discussion of the occurrence and production by States of 
each mineral substance the reader should consult the chapters by 
subjects in the subsequent pages and in Part II of this report. The 
statistics of production include comparisons with earlier years, the 
figures for which are carried forward each year for convenient ref¬ 
erence. The earlier volumes, beginning with that for 1882, the 
first of the series, should be consulted for other notes on occurrences, 
development, trade conditions and uses, descriptions of mining 
districts, and other information of a technical character which it is 
impracticable to carry forward from year to year. 

In the 30 years covered by the Survey's annual reports on the 
mineral resources of the United States the value of the mineral pro¬ 
duction of this country has grown from $451,901,159 in 1882 to 
$1,918,326,253 in 1911. In 1880, according to the census of that 
year, the value of the mineral production was $364,928,298. The 
population of the United States in that year numbered 50,189,209 
persons, so that the output of the mines represented an average of 
$7.27 for each inhabitant. The census of 1910 shows the population 
to have increased to 91,972,266 persons. The value of the mineral 
production in 1910 was $1,990,911,135, or an average of $21.65 for 
each inhabitant. In other words, the per capita mineral production 


10 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


in 1910 as expressed in the value of the output was almost exactly 
three times what it was in 1880. 

The most striking increases that have been made in the 30 years 
covered by this series of reports (from 1882 to 1911) have been in 
the production of iron, copper, and gold for the metals, and in the 
fuels (coal, petroleum, and natural gas) and cement for the non- 
metals. The value of the pig-iron product has more than trebled, 
from $106,336,429 to $327,334,624. (In 1910 the pig-iron production 
was valued at $412,162,486, or nearly four times that of 1882.) The 
copper production in 1911, $137,154,092, was eight times that of 
1882, $16,038,091, and the gold production was nearly three times, 
$96,890,000 in 1911 against $32,500,000 in 1882. The value of the 
silver production in 1911 was less than that of 1882 by $8,490,200, or 
20.7 per cent, notwithstanding an increase of over 50 per cent in the 
quantity produced. This condition has been brought about by 
advances in metallurgy that have cheapened the cost of production. 
The price of silver in 1911 was less than half what it was in 1882. 
The combined value of the anthracite and bituminous coal produc¬ 
tion in 1911 was $626,366,876, or four and one-half times the 
$146,632,581 output of 1882; the value of the petroleum production 
was $24,065,988 in 1882 and $134,044,752 in 1911, the latter year 
being five and one-half times that of the earlier. Natural gas as a 
mineral product had just arrived in 1882, with a reported value of 
$215,000, and in 1911 the production was valuecf at $74,127,534. 
Next to natural gas the production of cement has shown the greatest 
percentage of increase, from $3,672,750 in 1882 to $66,248,817 in 
1911. 

Of the total value of the mineral output of the United States the 
metals constitute a little more than one-third and the nonmetals a 
little less than two-thirds. The largest quantity and the greatest 
value of all the mineral production are represented by the output of 
the coal mines. The production of coal in 1911 amounted to 
496,221,168 short tons, valued at $626,366,876, the value being nearly 
one-third that of the total value of all the mineral products and 
equal to 93 per cent of the total metal production. 

RAW AND DERIVED PRODUCTS. 

In compiling the statistics of mineral production the value of the 
metallic products is fixed upon the refined or partly refined metals, 
which is of course much greater than the value of the ores from 
which they are obtained. During recent years the statistics of pig- 
iron production have been supplemented by accurate determinations 
of the quantity of iron ore produced, with the value thereof, but the 
quantity and value of the pig iron have been maintained as the units 
of output. The ores of the precious and semiprecious metals are 
frequently complex mixtures of several metals, and no quantities or 
values can be expressed until the contents are extracted in metallic 
form and become articles of commerce. Chromic iron ore, man¬ 
ganese ore, manganiferous ores, and bauxite (aluminum ore) are 
marketed as such. In the nonmetals the quantities are expressed 
and the value placed upon the products in the condition in which 
they are first sold. With the fuels, with phosphate rock, and with 
some of the other nonmetals the quantities and values are for the raw 
product. With cement, however, there is no commercial product 


CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


11 


until the material is in the finished state as cement. The clay prod¬ 
ucts appear as finished brick, terra cotta, tile, porcelain, pottery, 
etc., with the exception of a small quantity of special clays sold raw. 
The quarry products are sold rough, partly dressed, and finished; 
salt appears in various refined conditions, as the content of brine, 
and as rock salt; gypsum is sold at first hands, as crude, as ground, 
and as calcined. There is no uniformity and there is no way of arriv¬ 
ing at the quantities and values of the quarry products except in 
the condition as first marketed. The desirability of continuing to 
base the iron production on the output and value of pig iron may be 
open to some question, particularly since accurate records of the ore 
production and of the sources from which obtained are now available. 
In addition to putting a factitious value on the output, the distri¬ 
bution of the production by States gives undue prominence to those 
in which the blast furnaces are located and deprives the ore-producing 
States of proper credit. With pig iron the basis of values, the total 
valueof the mineral production in the United States was $1,990,911,135 
in 1910 and $1,918,326,253 in 1911, with Pennsylvania, Ohio, 
Illinois, and West Virginia as the four leading States. These four 
States are credited with one-half of the total value of the mineral 
output of the United States. California, with no standing as a pro¬ 
ducer either of pig iron or of iron ore, is fifth in rank, and Michigan 
and Minnesota, the leading producers of iron ore, appear as eleventh 
and thirty-eighth, respectively, in rank. With iron ores as the basis, 
the same four States remain at the head; but West Virginia, unim¬ 
portant as a producer of iron ore or as a manufacturer of pig iron, 
outranked both Ohio and Illinois in 1910 and fell between those States 
in 1911; Michigan takes sixth place, following California and fol¬ 
lowed by Minnesota as seventh in rank; New York drops from sixth 
to thirteenth place, and Colorado from seventh to eighth in 1910 and 
tenth in 1911. In 1910 the four leading States, with iron ore as the 
basis, produced $713,081,926, or 41.5 per cent of the total which by 
the substitution is reduced to $1,719,484,256, and $719,382,360, or 
42.9 per cent of the total of $1,677,411,459 for 1911. 

In the following tables the States are arranged in the order of 
their rank as shown by the value of their mineral products in 1910 
and 1911—first, with the valuation based on the production of pig 
iron, as has been customary in the preceding volumes of the series; 
second, with the iron ores taken as a basis of production: 


Ranh of States in value of mineral 'production in 1910 and 1911. 
1910. 


Rank. 

State. 

Value, includ¬ 
ing pig iron 
and excluding 
iron ore. 

State. 

Value, includ¬ 
ing iron ore 
and excluding 
pig iron. 

1 

Pennsylvania 

$585,402,329 

185,354,370 

140,237,550 

Pennsylvania. 

$411,827,343 

102,477,594 

100,004,982 

98,772,007 

86,721.069 

83,868,520 

83,581,377 

55,222,574 

54,388,119 

51,857,640 

45,954,554 

2 

Ohio 

West Virginia. 

3 

4 

Illinois 

Ohio. 

West Virginia 

105,786,700 
86,723,743 
73,799,494 
60,661,422 
57,784,240 
54,388,119 
52,703,156 
48,124,174 

Illinois. 

5 

California 

California. 

6 

Now York 

Minnesota. 

7 

Colorado 

Michigan. 

8 

9 

Indiana 

Colorado. 

Montana 

Montana. 

10 

11 

Missouri 

Missouri. 

Alabama. 

New York. 






























12 


MINERAL RESOURCES 


Rank of States in value of mineral 'production in 1910 and 1911 —Continued. 


1910—Continued. 


Rank. 


State. 


Value, includ¬ 
ing pig iron 
and excluding 


iron ore. 


12 

Michigan. 

13 

Arizona. 

14 

Utah. 

15 

Nevada. 

16 

Oklahoma. 

17 

New Jersey. 

18 

Kansas... 

19 

Iowa. 

20 

Tennessee. 

21 

Kentucky. 

22 

Texas. 

23 

Virginia. 

24 

Alaska. 

25 

Washington. 

26 

Marvlarid. 

27 

Idaho. 

28 

Wisconsin. 

29 

Wyoming.... 

30 

Louisiana. 

31 

Florida. 

32 

Vermont. 

33 

New Mexico. 

34 

Minnesota. 

35 

South Dakota. 

36 

Massachusetts. 

37 

Georgia. 

38 

Arkansas. 

39 

Maine. 

40 

Oregon. 

41 

Connecticut. 

42 

North Carolina. 

43 

New Hampshire. 

44 

South Carolina. 

45 

Nebraska. 

46 

North Dakota. 

47 

Mississippi. 

48 

Rhode Island. 

49 

Delaware. 

50 

District of Columbia. 


Undistributed. 


$47,306,806 
43,483,912 
39,233,716 
34,617,127 
32,988,865 
30,481,826 
28,304,191 
22,730,968 
21,301,518 
21,132,698 
18,370,251 
17,629,971 
17,191,688 
16,810,808 
15,440,207 
15,437,403 
13,860,531 
12,110,286 
10,119,993 
9,284,705 
8,720,409 
7,712,924 
6,365,239 
6,095,814 
6,040,736 
5,878,902 
5,373,105 
4,713,123 
3,739,927 
3,448,977 
2,616,581 
2,142,853 
2,021,371 
1,552,794 
860,233 
840,152 
800,503 
664,073 
288,949 
2,231,643 


Total. 


1,990,911,135 


State. 


Value, includ¬ 
ing iron ore 
and excluding 


pig iron. 


Indiana. 

Arizona. 

Utah... 

Nevada. 

Oklahoma. 

Alabama. 

Kansas. 

New Jersey. 

Iowa. 

Kentucky. 

Texas. 

Alaska. 

Tennessee. 

Washington. 

Idaho. 

Virginia. 

Wisconsin. 

Wyoming. 

Maryland. 

Louisiana. 

Florida. 

Vermont. 

New Mexico. 

Georgia. 

South Dakota. 

Massachusetts. 

Arkansas. 

Maine. 

Oregon. 

Connecticut. 

North Carolina. 

New Hampshire_ 

South Carolina. 

Nebraska. 

North Dakota.. 

Mississippi.. 

Rhode Island. 

Delaware. 

District of Columbia. 
Undistributed. 

Total.. 


$44,904,701 
43,483,912 
39,233,716 
34,617,127 
32,988,865 
30,080,280 
28,304,191 
28,266,383 
22,730,968 
19,883,476 
18,404,254 
17,191,688 
17,150,742 
16,693,030 
15,437,403 
13,898,516 
13,084,021 
12,766,915 
10,238,488 
10,119,993 
9,284,705 
8,720,409 
7,902,036 
6,178,429 
6,095,814 
5,903,976 
5,373,105 
4,713,123 
3,739,927 
3,284,895 
2,730,818 
2,142,853 
2,021,371 
1,552,794 
860,233 
840,152 
800,503 
664,073 
288,949 
2,231,643 


1,719,484,256 


1911 . 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 
9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 
21 
22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 


Pennsylvania. 

*549,901,327 

Pennsylvania. 

Ohio. 

170' 544' 327 

Illinois. 

Illinois. 

137,384,382 

West Virginia. 

West Virginia. 

105,958,493 

Ohio... 

California!. 

90^519'551 

California. 

New York. 

63,357', 365 

Michigan. 

Colorado. 

57,170'961 

Minnesota. 

Missouri. 

53,591,612 

Montana. 

Montana. 

53,454^ 926 

Missouri. 

Indiana. 

50,202! 462 

Colorado. 

Michigan. 

45, 941,096 

Arizona. 

Arizona. 

44' 104, 731 

Oklahoma. 

Oklahoma. 

42' 678', 446 

New York. 

Utah. 

41,139,075 

Utah. 

Alabama. 

40,508,343 

Indiana. 

Nevada. 

34,148,101 

Nevada. 

New Jersey. 

26' 984' 275 

Alabama. 

Kansas... 

24^ 987' 807 

New Jersev. 

Iowa. 

2l! 107' 496 

Kansas.. . 

Tennessee. 

20' 709'756 

Iowa. 

Alaska. 

20' 072' 420 

Alaska. 

Kentucky. 

19,703'061 

Kentucky. 

Texas.. /.. 

18,817,304 

Texas.. 

Idaho. 

17', 588' 340 

Tennessee.... 

Virginia. 

16^ 361,461 

Idaho. 

Washington. 

15,853,556 

Washington 

Wisconsin. 

14,867,869 

Virginia.. 

Maryland. 

12,840,892 

Louisiana. 

Louisiana. 

12,710,958 

Wisconsin. 

Wyoming. 

11,007,060 

Wyoming. 


$414,112,373 
106,231,455 
101,948,248 
97,090,284 
90,517,566 
65,077,232 
53,460,561 
53,454,926 
52,636,348 
51,958,239 

44.104.731 
42.678,446 
42,392,180 
41,139,075 
37,430,187 
34,148,101 
28,005,278 
27.559,246 
24,987,807 
21,107,496 
20,072,420 

18.910.731 
18,817,304 
17,902,451 
17, 588,340 
15,853,556 
13,609,364 
12,710,958 
12,451,436 
11,486,982 


































































































































































CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


13 


Ranh of States in value of mineral production in 1910 and 1911 —Continued. 


1911—Continued. 


Rank. 


State. 


Value, includ¬ 
ing pig iron 
and excluding 
iron ore. 


31 

32 

33 

34 

35 

36 

37 

38 

39 

40 

41 

42 

43 

44 

45 

46 

47 

48 

49 

50 


Florida. 

Vermont. 

South Dakota. 

New Mexico. 

Massachusetts. 

Georgia. 

Arkansas. 

Minnesota. 

Maine. 

Connecticut. 

Oregon. 

North Carolina. 

South Carolina. 

New Hampshire.... 

Nebraska. 

Rhode Island. 

Mississippi. 

North Dakota. 

Delaware. 

District of Columbia 
Undistributed 


$10,250,228 

8.434.516 
8,037,372 

7.723.517 
6,700,386 
5,907,723 
5,829,606 
5,803,628 
4,645,630 
3,357,140 
3,198,796 
2,648,786 
1,804,115 
1,727,645 
1,316,168 
1,088,475 
1,052,092 

957,425 

491,657 

277,295 

2,856,600 


State. 


Value, includ¬ 
ing iron ore 
and excluding 
pig iron. 


Florida. 

Maryland. 

Vermont. 

South Dakota. 

New Mexico. 

Massachusetts. 

Georgia. 

Arkansas. 

Maine. , . 

Oregon... 

Connecticut. 

North Carolina. 

South Carolina. 

New Hampshire. 

Nebraska. 

Rhode Island. 

Mississippi. 

North Dakota.. 

Delaware. 

District of Columbia. 

Undistributed 


$10,250,228 
9,386,663 
8,434,516 
8,037,372 
7,869,918 
6,623,077 
6,171,367 
5,829,606 
4,645,630 
3,198,796 
3,151,588 
2,797,155 
1,804,115 
1,727,645 
1,316,168 
1,088,475 
1,052,842 
957,425 
491,657 
277,295 
2,856,600 


Total. 


1,918,326,253 


Total 


1,677,411,459 


In the first instance, the total value of the mineral products was 
$1,990,911,135 in 1910, and $1,918,326,253 in 1911. In the second 
instance, the total value was $ 1,719,484,256 in 19 K), and $1,677,411,459 
in 1911. Over 65 per cent of the total mineral production is from 
the first 10 States, whose aggregate output was valued at 
$1,128,721,225 in 1910, and at $1,086,487,232 m 1911. Of these 10 
leading States, 5—Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio, Illinois, and 
Michigan—are east of Mississippi River; and 5—California, Minnesota, 
Colorado, Montana, and Missouri—are w^st of that boundary. The 
5 eastern States produced minerals and mineral substances valued 
at $796,663,303 in 1910, and at $784,459,592 in 1911, nearly one- 
half the value of the total mineral production of the United States. 
The combined production of all the States east of the Mississippi (and 
these States aggregate only 28.8 per cent of the total area of the 
country, exclusive of Alaska) was $1,151,567,240, or 67 per cent of 
the total production of the United States in 1910, and $1,094,083,- 
279, or 65 per cent of the total production in 1911. The States 
west of the Mississippi, whose areas aggregate 71.2 per cent of the 
total of the United States, had a combined mineral production valued 
at $565,685,373, or 33 per cent of the total, in 1910, and $580,471,580, 
or 35 per cent of the total, in 1911. 

LEADING STATES IN MINERAL PRODUCTION. 

Forty-eight States and the Districts of Alaska and Columbia con¬ 
tribute to the mineral production of the United States. The output 
of the District of Columbia is principally from the clay beds in the 
form of common brick and drain tile. 

Pennsylvania far outranks all other States in the value of its min¬ 
eral output, having' (exclusive of pig iron) contributed 24 per cent of 
the total in 1910, and 24.7 per cent in 1911. The reason for Pennsyl- 

























































14 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


vania’s undisputed leadership lies primarily in its great production 
of coal—it being almost exclusively the source of anthracite and the 
producer of over one-third of the total bituminous output. Penn¬ 
sylvania ranks second, next to New York, in the value of its manu¬ 
factures, and stands first as a mineral producer in the following 
products, namely: Cement, coal, coke, pig iron, lime, mineral paints, 
sand and gravel, and building stone, 8 in all. It is second in the 
production of clay manufactures, natural gas, and graphite; fourth 
in millstones; fifth in petroleum and sand-lime brick; ninth in iron 
ore and mineral waters. 

The other States are leading producers as follows (the comparisons 
are based on values, not on quantity of output, though in most 
instances their relative ranks are identical): 

West Virginia .—First in the production of natural gas; third in 
value, though second iu quantity, in the production of both coal and 
coke; ninth in salt; tenth in clay products and pig iron. 

Ohio. —First in clay products, grindstones, and pulp stones; second 
in pig iron, bromine, and lime; third in salt, natural gas, sand and 
gravel, gypsum, and oilstones; fourth in coal and stone; sixth in 
petroleum. 

Illinois . —First in fluorspar; second in value, though third in 
quantity, in coal; second m infusorial earth; third in petroleum 
and pig iron; fourth in coke, in clay products, and in sand and 
gravel; fifth in cement, seventh in stone. 

California. —First in petroleum, asphalt, borax, gems and precious 
stones, magnesite, platinum, and quicksilver; second in gold and 
tungsten ore; third in infusorial earth and pyrite; fourth in quantity 
and third in value of Portland cement. 

Michigan. —First in sand-lime brick and bromine; second in iron 
ore, salt, and grindstones; third in copper; fourth in gypsum. 

Minnesota. —First in iron ore; second in sand-lime brick; seventh 
in mineral waters. 

Colorado. —First in gold, tungsten ore, and vanadium minerals; 
second in zinc; third in fluorspar; fourth in silver, lead, and mica. 

Missouri. —First in lead, zinc, barytes, and infusorial earth; 
fourth in mineral paints; fifth in lime, and sand and gravel; sixth 
in cement. 

New York. —First in salt, emery, abrasive garnet, graphite, gyp¬ 
sum, millstones, and talc; second in stone, mineral waters, sand and 
gravel, and pyrite; third in mineral paints, and sand-lime brick; 
fourth in iron ore, pig iron, feldspar, infusorial earth; fifth in clay 
products and slate; sixth in natural gas. 

Arizona. —First in the production of copper. 

Nevada. —First in silver; third in gold and quicksilver; fifth in 
copper; seventh in lead. 

Virginia. —First in manganese ore and pyrite; second in mill¬ 
stones and soapstone; fourth in slate and barytes; fifth in coke; 
sixth in iron ore, mineral waters, and gypsum; seventh in pig iron. 

Wisconsin. —First in mineral waters; third in lime; fourth in zinc 
and pyrite; fifth in iron ore and lead; sixth in mineral paints; ninth 
in stone. 

Louisiana. —First in sulphur; sixth in salt; eighth in petroleum; 
ninth in natural gas. 


CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 15 

Florida. —First in phosphate rock and fuller’s earth; fourth in 
sand-lime brick. 

Vermont. —First in asbestos; second in slate; third in stone and 
soapstone. 

Arkansas.— First in bauxite and oilstones; third in fuller’s earth. 

Maine. —First in feldspar; third in slate; fourth in lime and mineral 
waters. 

North, Carolina. —First in mica, monazite, and zircon; second in 
barytes; third in millstones; fourth in talc and soapstone. 

Nebraska. —First in the production of pumice. 

Indiana. —Second in cement and oilstones; third in mineral waters; 
fifth in coal and stone; sixth in pig iron, coke, clay products, and 
sand-lime brick; seventh in natural gas, and sand and gravel. 

Utah. —Second in vanadium minerals; third in silver, lead, and 
asphalt; fourth in copper; sixth in gold; seventh in zinc and precious 
stones; eighth in salt. 

Oklahoma. —Second in petroleum; fifth in natural gas and asphalt; 
sixth in lead. 

Kansas. —Second in pumice; third in cement; fourth in natural 
gas (third in quantity) and salt; sixth in zinc; seventh in gypsum. 

Iowa. —Second in gypsum; eighth in clay products and sand-lime 
brick; ninth in coal. 

Kentucky. —Second in fluorspar; fourth in asphalt; fifth in barytes; 
seventh in coal. 

Texas. —Second in asphalt and quicksilver; fourth in fuller’s earth; 
fifth in gypsum; seventh in salt and petroleum; ninth in silver; tenth 
in sand and gravel; eleventh in cement. 

Tennessee. —Second in phosphate rpck; third in barytes; fourth in 
bauxite; fifth in mineral paints; seventh in copper; eighth in iron ore 
and pig iron; eleventh in coal. 

Idaho. —Second in lead; fourth in asbestos; fifth in silver; ninth in 
gold, copper, and zinc. 

Georgia. —Second in asbestos, fuller’s earth, bauxite, and mineral 
paints; fourth in barytes and graphite; fifth in pyrite. 

South Dakota. —Second in mica; fifth in gold. 

Oregon. —Second in platinum; ninth in sand and gravel; eleventh 
in gold. 

South Carolina . —Second in monazite; third in phosphate rock; 
fifth in mica. 

Alabama. —Third in iron ores, bauxite, and graphite; third in quan¬ 
tity and second in value in coke. 

New Jersey. —Third in clay products and zinc; sixth in sand and 
gravel; seventh in iron ore and cement. 

Wyoming. —Third in asbestos; tenth in coal. 

Connecticut. —Third in the production of feldspar. 

New Hampshire .— Third in the production of mica. 

Alaska. —Fourth in the production of gold. 

Maryland. —Fifth in feldspar and infusorial earth; sixth in slate; 
ninth in pig iron; twelfth in coke; thirteenth in coal. 

New Mexico. —Fifth in precious stones; sixth in the production of 
mica; eighth in silver and zinc; ninth in lead. 

Massachusetts. —Fifth in talc and soapstone; sixth in lime and 
fuller’s earth; seventh in mica and pyrite; eighth in stone, mineral 
waters, and sand and gravel. 


16 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


INDIVIDUAL STATES. 

ALABAMA. 

If pig iron is considered the basis of the iron production, Alabama 
ranks fifteenth among the States in value of mineral products. In the 
States south of Mason & Dixon’s line and Ohio River, Alabama ranks 
second. If iron ores are taken as the basis Alabama takes seventeenth 
place among all the States, but maintains second place among the 
southern States. The State is not the premier producer of any 
important mineral substance, but it ranks third in the production of 
iron ore; it ranks fourth in quantity and fifth in value of the pig iron 
produced; it is third in quantity and second in value of coke produc¬ 
tion; and it ranks sixth among the coal-producing States. It is third 
in the production of bauxite and graphite. Its production of gold 
and silver is negligible, and although some progress has been made in 
the development of its clay-working and quarrying industries these 
resources have not been exploited to the same extent as those of coal 
and iron. 

The development of the mining industry began in 1882, the first 
year covered by this series of statistical reports, when attention was 
directed to the extensive iron deposits in the vicinity of Birmingham 
and contiguous to plentiful supplies of coking coal and limestone. 
The “boom” which followed was without precedent in the history of 
industrial development. The production of coal, which in 1881 was 
less than 350,000 tons, rose to nearly 2,500,000 tons in 1885. As in 
all cases of this kind speculation became wild and values were unreas¬ 
onably inflated. The boom was succeeded by a relapse and two 
years of readjustment, and then # followed a quarter century of steady 
and healthful growth. The maximum production of iron ore, of pig 
iron, of coal, and of coke was made in 1910, in which year the output 
of iron ore was 4,801,275 long tons, valued at $6,083,722; the pig iron 
production was 1,969,770 long tons, valued at $24,127,616; the pro¬ 
duction of coal was 16,111,462 short tons, valued at $20,236,853, and 
that of coke was 3,249,027 short tons, valued at $9,165,821. The 
depression in the iron trade of 1911 reduced the production of all 
four items. The output of iron ore fell off to 3,955,582 long tons, 
valued at $4,876,106; pig iron to 1,617,150 long tons, valued at 
$17,379,171; coal to 15,021,421 short tons, valued at $19,079,949; 
and coke to 2,761,521 short tons, valued at $7,593,594. The total 
value of the mineral production of Alabama, iron ore included and 
pig iron excluded, was $30 080,280 in 1910, decreasing to $28,005,278 
in 1911. The decreases in Alabama were less in proportion, how¬ 
ever, than those of other iron-producing States. The occurrence 
of the iron ore, coking coals, and limestone in close proximity in 
Alabama enables that State to produce iron at less cost than any 
other iron region in the world;. wherefore in years of depression 
in the iron trade the reaction is felt less in Alabama than else¬ 
where, and the State proportion of the total production is augmented. 
The iron ores are principally non-Bessemer hematites. The chief 
steel production is open hearth. The principal coal-producing coun¬ 
ties are Jefferson, Walker, Bibb, and Tuscaloosa, in the order named; 
the principal iron-ore counties are Jefferson, Tuscaloosa, Etowah, and 
Franklin. The iron-making industry is centered in Birmingham and 
vicinity. 


CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


17 


In the following table is presented a comparison of the mineral 
output of Alabama in 1910 and 1911. The total values given at the 
bottom of the table include the value of the iron ore and of the coal 
made into coke, but do not include the value of pig iron or coke. 


Mineral production of Alabama in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Bauxite . .long tons.. 
Cement.barrels.. 

(a) 

(o) 



(a) 

(o) 



406,214 

$387,600 

1,667,559 

593,911 

$529,359 

1,947,102 

Clay products, short 
tons... 

75,082 

16,111,462 

b $38,045 
20,236,853 

35,203 

15,021,421 

b $29,909 
19,079,949 

Coal.short tons.. 



Coke.do_ 

3,249,027 

1,592 

*>9,165,821 

32,900 

2,761,521 

890 

67,593,594 

18,400 

Gold, fine ounces 
(troy). 





Graphite, crystalline, 
pounds. 

(a) 

4,801,275 

(a) 

6,083,722 

• (°) 
3,955,582 

(°) 

4,876,106 

Iron ore..long tons.. 
Iron, pig.do_ 





1,969, 770 
81,696 

624,127,616 

303,612 

1,617,150 
76,406 

617,379,171 
300,787 

(a) 

(a) 

Lime_short tons.. 





Mica. 





Millstones. 




(•) 




Mineral waters, gal¬ 
lons sold. 

133,159 

30,639 

(a) 

187,591 


205,854 

26,982 

(a) 

. 215,413 


Natural gas. 





Sand and gravel, 
short tons. 

619,253 



677,894 



Silver, fine ounces 
(troy). 

300 

200 

cl, 054,568 

200 

100 
c 923,998 
8,430 

Stone. 


( c ) 

95,036 


( c ) 

78,652 

Miscellaneous. 





Total value, 
e 1 i m inating 
duplications . 






$30,080,280 

$28,005,278 


a Value included under “ Miscellaneous.” 
b Not included in total value. 

c Derived product includes stone sold rough in 1910 and 1911 and millstones in 1910. 


ALASKA. 

According to Alfred H. Brooks, geologist in charge of the division 
of Alaskan mineral resources, mining in Alaska began in 1880, since 
which date the total value of the mineral production has amounted 
approximately to $207,000,000; over 90 per cent (or $195,619,776) of 
this is represented by the value of gold. In 1911 Alaska ranked 
fourth among the States and Territories as a gold producer. The 
gold amounted to 806,179 fine ounces, valued at $16,665,200, against 
787,148 fine ounces, valued at $16,271,800 in 1910. Copper mining 
was actively pushed during 1911, and a total of 22,314,889 pounds, 
valued at $2,789,361, was obtained, against 4,311,026 pounds, valued 
at $547,500 in 1910. The silver production of Alaska is much less 
important than that of gold and copper, and amounted to $83,100 
in 1910, and to $252,900 in 1911. The only other mineral products 
at the present time are graphite, gypsum, and marble, with small quan¬ 
tities of coal, lead, and tin. 

The production of coal is approximately 1,000 tons annually. The 
development of the mining and other industries of Alaska is held 

































































18 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


back by want of legislation which will permit the exploitation of the 
known extensive and valuable coal fields. The need of coal on the 
Pacific coast, which a few years ago would have been an inducement 
for the opening of the Alaskan coal fields, has now been supplied by 
the outflow of petroleum from wells in California. The only 
present demand ror Alaskan coals would be for local consumption 
m the Territory, for the use of the Navy, and to supply coke to the 
smeltfers and foundries on Puget Sound, at Portland, San Francisco, 
Los Angeles, and other cities on the Pacific coast Most of the 
coke now consumed on the Pacific coast is imported from Germany 
or England or is brought from the Eastern States. 

The following table gives the quantity and value of the mineral 
production of Alaska for 1910 and 1911: 


Mineral 'production of Alaska in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Coal.short tons. 

1,000 

$15,000 



900 

$7,200 



Copper.pounds.. 

4,311,026 

787,148 

$547,500 

16,271,800 

22,314,889 

806,179 

$2,789,361 

16,665,200 

Gold, fine o*unces 
(troy). 





Graphite, crystalline, 
pounds. 

$ 

(a) 



Gypsum, .short tons.. 
Lead.do... 


( b ) 
5,280 

83,100 

(*) 



(») 

4,500 

252,900 


60 

153,900 


50 

468,300 

Silver, fine ounces 
(troy). 





Stone. 


(a) 


(a) 

Tin (concentrates), 
short tons... 


15 

7,560 
c261,448 


92 

52,409 
c300,850 

Miscellaneous. 


( c ) 


( c ) 

Total value, 
eliminating 
duplications.. 





$17,191,688 

$20,072,420 


a Value included under “ Miscellaneous.” 

b Calcined in Washington State. Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 
c Derived product includes raw product. 


ARIZONA. 

The chief mining industry of Arizona is copper, in the production 
of which the new State ranks first.. It ranks sixth in the production 
of silver and seventh in the production of gold. These three metals 
constitute 98 per cent of the total production of the State, which 
amounted to $43,483,912 in 1910 and $44,104,731 in 1911. The 
value of the copper product alone represents 86 per cent of the total 
output and the gold production about 8 per cent. The leading 
counties in the production of copper are Cochise, Greenlee, Yavapai, 
Gila, and Pima, and the counties furnishing the larger portion of the 
gold production are Mohave, Yavapai, Cochise, and Yuma. Siliceous 
ores furnish nearly two-thirds of the gold and nearly one-third is 
obtained in the reduction of copper ores. Smaller quantities are 
obtained from lead and zinc ores and from placers. Cochise and 
Yavapai counties are the principal producers of silver, most of which 
comes from copper ores. 










































CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 19 

The statistics of production in Arizona in 1910 and 1911 are shown 
in the following table: 

Mineral 'production of Arizona in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cement.barrels.. 



(a) 

(a) 

8126,777 

37,750,818 

32,510 

3,413,200 

(o) 

75,504 

68,055 





Clay products, short 
tons. 

(a) (b) 

(a) ( b ) 




$106,882 

37,900,317 

17,643 

3,521,400 

(o) 

310,500 

69,940 

Copper.pounds.. 

297,250,538 



303,202,532 

Gems and precious 
stones. 





Gold, fine ounces 
(troy). 



165,114 



170,348 

Gypsum, .short tons.. 
Lead.do_ 

(a) 


(a) 



858 

13,728 


3,450 

13,844 

Lime.do_ 





Quartz.do_ 

(a) 

(a) 

(a) 

(a) 

(a) 

(a) 

(o) 

(o) 

Sand and gravel, 
short tons. 





Silver, fine ounces, 
(troy). 

2,655,700 

1,434,100 
c163,696 

(*) 

(a) 

280,152 
93,795 

3,228,900 

1,743,600 
c 55,714 

W 

16,559 

282,264 

66,147 

Stone. 


( c ) 


( c ) 

Sulphuric acid (60° 
Baume)b, short 
tons. 




(<*) 

50 

2,476 

Tungsten ore (60 per 

1 cent concentrates), 
short tons. 



(o) 

2,594 



Zinc.short tons.. 





Miscellaneous .. 


$48,520 


$13,765 

Total value, 
eliminating 
duplications.. 





'$43,483,912 

$44,104,731 


a Value included under “ Miscellaneous.” 
b Value not included in total value, 
c Derived product includes stone sold rough. 

d From copper smelters. No report for 1910. Value included under “ Miscellaneous.” 


ARKANSAS. 

Arkansas ranks thirty-eighth among the States in the value of its 
mineral production. The principal product is coal, which constitutes 
over 50 per cent of the total value. Arkansas is the premier State in 
the production of two minerals—bauxite and novaculite, the former 
being the ore of aluminum, the latter the source of the larger part of 
the oilstones produced in the United States. It ranks third among 
the States in the production of fuller’s earth. Next to coal the 
greatest value of the mineral production of Arkansas is represented 
by the clay-working industries, and bauxite mining is third in impor¬ 
tance. Coal is mined in 7 counties, of which Sebastian is by far the 
most important with over 70 per cent of the total output. Franklin 
County is second in importance, and Johnson third. The coals of 
Arkansas are generally high grade, and some approach anthracite in 
quality. The semianthracite of Arkansas is much prized as a domes¬ 
tic fuel, reaching markets as far north as Kansas City. Owing, how¬ 
ever, to the high cost of labor, to the unfavorable mining conditions, 
and to the competition with petroleum and natural gas and with coals 
from other States, the coal-mining industry has been practically at a 




























































20 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


standstill for the last 10 years. The production in 1910 was less than 
in 1902, and that of 1911 was less than in 1903 and than the average 
of the 10 years ending with 1911. 

The statistics of the mineral production of Arkansas in 1910 and 
1911 are shown in the following table: 

Mineral 'production of Arkansas in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Bauxite...long tons.. 
Clay products 

(a) 

(o) 



(a) 

(a) 




$578,455 


$480,643 

Coal_ .short tons. 

1,905,958 

2,563 

$2,979,213 
29,137 


2,106,789 

(a) 

$3,396,849 

(a) 


Fuller’s earth..do— 
Gems and precious 
stone 6 ... . 






1,200 


2,700 

1,350 

109,067 

Lead_short tons.. 






15 

22,847 

Lime.do_ 



26,532 

127,068 



Manganese ore and 
manganiferous ore, 
long tons... . 

5,530 

1,065,676 

14,700 

89,772 

(a) 

b 2,177 

1,560,157 

6 5,334 

118,994 

(«) 

Mineral waters, 
gallons sold. 





Natural gas. 





Oil stones. 



(<0 



(a) 

Phosphate rock, 
long tons. 

(“) 

1,061,037 

(a) 

230,680 


(a) 

1,007,589 

(a) 

183,897 


Sand and gravel, 
short tons. 





Slate. 




(a) 

d 526,352 
43,890 
96,467 

Stone. 


81,015 


301,596 

30,888 


(d) 


Zinc.short tons.. 


286 


385 

Miscellaneous. 


c 909,381 


864,043 

Total value, 
eliminat i n g 
duplications.. 






$5,373,105 

$5,829,606 


a Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 

6 Manganiferous ore only. 

c “Miscellaneous” raw products include oilstones. 
d Derived product includes stone sold rough. 


CALIFORNIA. i 

Whether pig iron or iron ore is taken as a basis of mineral produc¬ 
tion, California ranks fifth among the States in the value of its output. 
It is first among the States west of Mississippi River. In former 
years California rested its claim to distinction as a mineral producer 
on its output of gold, in which it held first place in 1911, though in 
recent years it has usually fallen behind Colorado in the production 
of gold. The premiership of gold in the State has been succeeded by 
petroleum, the value of which in California exceeds that of gold by 94 
per cent, and gives the State first place among the States in the pro¬ 
duction of crude oil. California leads also in the production of 
asphalt, of platinum, and of quicksilver, and enjoys a monopoly in 
the production of borax and magnesite. It is second in the produc¬ 
tion of tungsten ores, being exceeded by Colorado; it ranks third in 
the production of cement, sixth in the production of copper, and 
stands well up among the States in the production of a number of less 
important minerals. The values of the more important products in 
the last two years have been as follows: Petroleum, $35,749,473 in 




























































CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


21 


1910and $38,719,080 in 1911; gold,$20,441,400in 1910and$19,928,500 
in 1911; cement, $7,355,301 in 1910 and $8,737,150 in 1911; copper, 
$5,811,545 in 1910 and $4,479,456 in 1911; clay products, $4,842,391 
in 1910 and $4,915,866 in 1911; stone, $4,245,892 in 1910 and 
$4,676,902 in 1911; asphalt, $1,338,736 in 1910 and $2,104,121 in 
1911; borax, $1,201,842 in 1910 and $1,569,151 in 1911. The prin¬ 
cipal petroleum-producing counties are, Kern (producing over half of 
the total for the State), Fresno, Santa Barbara, Los Angeles, and 
Orange, in the order of their importance. Seven counties produce 
gold in excess of $1,000,000 in value yearly, namely and in order: 
Yuba, Amador, Nevada, Butte, Shasta, Sacramento, and Calaveras. 
Of the total gold production of California about 55 per cent is from 
deep mines and 45 per cent from placers. Nearly 90 per cent of the 
placer gold is the output of the dredges. Of the deep mine product 
94 per cent is from siliceous ores, the other 6 per cent being obtained 
from copper and lead ores. The production of copper comes chiefly 
from Shasta County (over 80 per cent of the total) with Calaveras 
second (about 15 per cent of the total). 

The total value of the mineral production of California in 1911 was 
$90,517,566, against $86,721,069 in 1910. The details by substances 
are shown in the following table: 

Mineral production of California in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910. 

1911. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Asphalt, .short tons.. 
Briquets, fuel, .do 

38,799 

$140,954 

104,687 

$1,197,782 

(a) 

36,081 

$215,230 

154,864 

( b ) C) 

$1,889,191 
( 6 ) ( c ) 

Borax _do.... 

42,357 

1,201,842 


53,330 

1,569,151 

Cement .barrels.. 

(<0 

( c ) 

6,317,701 

8,737,150 

Chromite.. long tons.. 
Clay products, short 
tons.. 

205 

70,465 

11,164 

2,729 

b 104,163 
18,336 

120 

87,256 
10,747 

1,629 

5 112,316 
16,097 


4,842,391 


4,915,866 

final short tons 



flnpp p.r pounds 

45,760,200 

5,811,545 

35,835,651 

4,479,456 

Feldspar.short tons.. 
Fuller’s earth, .do— 
Gems and precious 
stones 

( c ) 

(0 

( c ) 

(«) 

(<0 

( c ) 

(«) 

O) 






104,648 

20,441,400 

242,203 

( c ) 


28,370 

19,928,500 

204,264 

(0 

Gold, fine ounces 
(troy) 



988,853 

- 


964,041 

Gypsum, short tons.. 

Tnfnsorial p.art.h 

45,901 


43,855 






Iron ore.. .long tons.. 
Tron -nip do 

. ( c ) 

(0 


( c ) 

( c ) 


( 6 ) (9 
1,160 
63,759 

(0) ( c ) 
102,080 
613,242 

(&) ( c ) 
615 
72,858 

(*>) ( c ) 
55,350 
564,175 

y ,pad short ton s 





Td'mft do 





MQtmPcifA fin 

12,443 

74,658 

9,375 

(0 

75,000 

( c ) 

lVld-glUJMUJ. ... .uu.... 

Manganese ore, long 
tons 





Mineral paints, nat¬ 
ural pigments, 

chnrt tons 



2,116 

36,470 

( c ) 

( c ) 

Mineral waters, gal- 

1abq cold 

2,008,697 

394,841 

476,697 

35,749,473 

2,310,237 

578,439 
800,714 
38,719,080 

luilo .. 

MatnraT (tqq 





TNcllllIctl gdo. .. 

Petroleum... barrels.. 
Platinum,fine ounces 
Grovl 

73,010,560 



81,134,391 



337 

8,386 

511 

14,873 

» —--,. 

Pynte_long tons.. 

Quicksilver.. .flasks.. 

27,158 

129,504 

48,415 

182,787 

i7,2ii 

800,484 

18,860 

867,749 


a No report for 1910. 
b Value not included in total value, 
c Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 


63564°—12-2 















































































22 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


Mineral 'production of California in 1910 and 1911 —Continued. 


Product. 

1910. 

1911. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Salt.barrels.. 

Sand and gravel, 
short tons . 

78,571 

2,065,297 

39,000 

440,950 

858,943 

480,667 

23,350 

1,911,652 

11,442 

416,980 

1,062,813 

543,917 

Sand-lime brick. 


43,512 

967,500 

(a) 

(a) 

(«) 

(a) 

(a) 


19,535 

686,300 

Silver, fine ounces 
(troy). 



1,791,600 



1,270,900 

Slate.... 





Stone. 


(a) 



( b ) 


64,676,902 

8 

(a) 

109,326 

312,525 

Sulphuric acid (60° 
Baum6),d short 
tons. 




(aj 

(a) 

959 

Talc.short tons.. 



(a) 

(a) 



Tungsten ore (60 per 
cent concentrates), 
short tons. 





Zinc.short tons.. 





Miscellaneous. 


8,511 


12,354,464 


4,915 

Total value, eli¬ 
minating du¬ 
plications. ... 





$86,721,069 

$90,517,566 


« Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 
b Derived product includes stone sold rough, 
c No report for 1910. 

d From copper smelters. Value included under “ Miscellaneous.” 

COLORADO. 

Colorado was the first State in the production of gold in 1910, 
having a lead over California of less than $100,000. In 1911 pro¬ 
duction fell off in both States, and as the decrease in Colorado was 
more than in California, the latter State became again, as it had 
been in earlier years, the principal source of the yellow metal. Colo¬ 
rado ranks tenth among all the States in the total value of its mineral 
production, and is fifth among the States west of Mississippi River. 
Gold is the principal mineral product of the State, with coal a good 
second. The gold output was valued at $20,526,500 in 1910 and at 
$19,138,800 in 1911. The production of coal decreased from 11,973,- 
736 short tons, valued at $17,026,934, in 1910 to 10,157,383 tons, 
valued at $14,747,764, in 1911. As a producer of coal Colorado 
ranks first among the Western States. It is also the leading Western 
State in the manufacture of pig iron and of coke. Pig iron is third 
in value among the products of the State, followed in order by zinc, 
silver, coke, lead, clay products, stone, and copper. Colorado is the 
leading State in the production of tungsten ores and vanadium 
mineials, second in the production of gold and zinc, third in the pro¬ 
duction of fluorspar, fourth in lead, silver, and mica. 

Teller Countv produces more than one-half the total gold output 
of the State, all from deep mines and all from siliceous ores unmixed 
with other metals. The other important gold-producing counties are 
San Miguel, Ouray, Lake, San Juan, Gilpin, and Clear Creek. Ninety- 
five per cent of the total output of gold in the State is from siliceous 
ores. In the production of coal Las Animas County bears nearly the 
same relation to the total output that Teller County does for gold, 














































CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911 


23 


almost one-half of the total coal production coming from Las Animas 
County. Huerfano County is second in production of coal, with 20 
per cent of the total, Boulder, Fremont, and Gunnison following in 
the order named. 

As shown in the following table the total value of the mineral pro¬ 
duction of Colorado decreased from $55,222,574, in 1910, to $51,958,- 
239 in 1911: 


Mineral production of Colorado in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910. 

1911. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Bismuth.short tons.. 



(a) 

(a) 

(a) 

(a) 

$2,033,714 





Cement.barrels.. 





(a) 

(a) 

$1,606,709 

Clay products, short 
tons. 

105,874 

11,973,736 

b $83,855 
17,026,934 

95,127 
10,157,383 

6 $83,636 
14,747,764 

Cnal short tons 



Coke . . . do_ 

(a) (6) 

9,307,497 

(a)(6) 
1,182,052 

(a)(6) 

9,791,861 

(a)(6) 
1,223,983 

Copper pounds. 





Fluorspar.short tons. 

Fuller’s earth., do_ 

Gems and precious 
stones 

(a) 

(a) 

(a) 

(a) 

(a) 

(a) 






9,280 

20,526,500 




2,520 

19,138,800 

Gold, fine ounces 

( trnv'l 



992,969 



925,839 

V/. 

Graphite, amorphous, 

Qhnrt. tnns 

(o) 

• (a) 

(a) 

W 

rjfin d ston es 


(o) 

119,259 


(a) 

67,199 

Gypsum.. short tons.. 
Iron ore.. .long tons.. 

Trnn nip* flo 

45,820 

(a) 



26,226 

(a) 



(a) 


(a) 


(a) (6) 

35,685 

8,057 

(a)(6) 

3,140,280 

40,860 

(a) (6) 
30,621 
6,403 

(a) (6) 

2,755,890 

34,614 

J,oao short, tons 










Manganiferous ore, 

55,770 

176,448 

41,753 

109,340 



(a) 


(a) 

Mineral waters, gal- 

1,638,984 

115,289 

(a) 

243,402 

154,039 


1,436,066 

104,763 

(a) 

228,104 

65,366 







Petroleum... barrels.. 
Sand and gravel, 

239,794 

1,197,751 



226,926 

247,666 









(a) 

4,602,400 
cl, 177,785 

(9 

535,567 

(a) (d) 

2,509,704 

10,700,037 


(a) 

3,958,800 
cl,514,827 

(0 

234,513 

302,000 

4,814,562 

9,112,517 

Silver, fine ounces 



8,523,000 



7,331,200 

V.tiuy ) . 


( c ) 


U) 

Sulphuric acid (60° 
Baume), e short 




(0 

730 

8,400 

42,233 

Tungsten ore (60 per 
cent concentrates), 



1,221 

(a) (d) 
23,238 



Uranium and vana¬ 
dium ores, short 





7inr> chert. tnn<5 







72,355 


77,133 

Total value, 
eliminating 
duplications . 





$55,222,574 

$51,958,239 


a Value included under “ Miscellaneous.” 
b Value not included in total value. 
c Derived product includes stone sold rough. 

d Vanadium only. „ ,, 

e From zinc smelters. No report for 1910. Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 









































































































24 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


CONNECTICUT. 

The principal mineral products of Connecticut are from the quar¬ 
ries and clay pits. A small quantity of iron ore is mined and a 
small quantity of pig iron is made in the State, but aside from this 
there is no metal mining of any sort, nor any production of mineral 
fuel. The quarrying industry yielded stone products valued at 
$1,057,874 in 1910, and at $1,215,462 in 1911. The principal stones 
quarried are granite and trap rock. The principal granite opera¬ 
tions are in New Haven and New London counties, and trap rock is 
produced in Hartford and New Haven counties. The clay products 
were valued at $1,478,936 in 1910, and at $1,284,166 in 1911. Lime 
to the value of $417,850 was produced iii 1910 and to the value of 
$328,904 in 1911. The lime-producing counties are Fairfield and 
Litchfield, in the extreme western part of the State. 

Connecticut is the third State in the Union in the production of 
feldspar, with an output valued at $89,974 in 1910 and at $73,557 
in 1911. Its other commercial mineral products are infusorial earth, 
mineral waters, quartz, sand-lime brick, sand and gravel. The 
total value of the mineral products, as shown in the following table, 
was $3,284,895 in 1910 and $3,151,588 in 1911. 

Mineral production of Connecticut in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Clay products, short 
tons. 

(a) (6) 
18,739 

(«) (0) 
S89,974 


11,478,936 




11,284,166 

Feldspar.short tons.. 
Infusorial earth. 


16,497 

S73,557 



( b ) 


(ft) . 

Iron ore... long tons.. 
Iron, pig.do_ 

(ft) 

(ft) 


(ft) 

(ft) 


(a) (b) 
93,576 

(a) (b) 
417,850 

(a) (b) 
69,719 

(o) (6) 
328,904 

Lime .. short tons.. 





Mineral waters, 

gallons sold. 

Quartz...short tons.. 
Sand and gravel, 
short tons. 

1,608,775 

(ft) 

16,676 

109,853 

(ft) 

12,775 

2,164,701 

(ft) 

20,270 

182,744 

(ft) 

10,559 









Sand-lime brick. 




(ft) 

cl, 215,462 
243,880 

Stone. 


(*) 

117,458 


cl, 057,874 
251,920 


(«) 

55,436 


M iscellaneous_ 




.......... 

Total value, 
elimina ting 
duplications.. 




S3,284,895 

13,151,588 


« Value not included in total value. 
b Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 
c Derived product includes stone sold rough. 


DELAWARE. 

Delaware is limited in its mineral production to its quarries and 
to its clay, sand, and gravel pits. All of these are of small impor¬ 
tance when compared with those of other States. The total produc¬ 
tion of the State in 1911 was valued at $491,657, of which $218,234 
was represented by the output of the stone quarries and $200,610 
by the clay products. In 1910 the total production was valued at 














































CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


25 


$664,073, of which $357,708 was furnished by the quarries and 
$216,555 by the clay works. 

The statistics of mineral production in Delaware in 1910 and 1911 
are given in the following table: 

Mineral 'production of Delaware in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Clay products, short 
tons. 

11,117 

(*>) 

164,056 

o$60,744 

(») 

66,869 


$216,555 

7,950 

( b ) 

137,205 

a$46,024 

(*) 

65,813 


$200,CIO 

Mineral waters, gal¬ 
lons sold . 



Sand and gravel,shoi t 
tons. 





Sand-lime brick. 


(*) 

113,812 

<•22,941 



Stone. 


243,896 
( c ) 



(<9 

7,000 


c218,234 

Miscellaneous 





Total value, 
eliminatin g 
duplications.. 

« 






§664,073 

► 

$491,657 


a Value not included in total value. 
b Value included under ‘‘Miscellaneous.” 
c Derived product includes raw product. 


DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

The mineral production in the District of Columbia is principally 
the output of the clay beds in the vicinity of Washington. The main 
products from these are common building brick, terra yotta, and 
drain tile. A small quantity of stone is quarried for use in concrete 
for foundations and for road making. One plant for making sand- 
lime brick is established in the District, and the waters from two 
springs are sold commercially. 

The statistics of mineral production in the District of Columbia in 
1910 and 1911 are shown in the following table: 


Mineral production of the District of Columbia in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 





a$242,861 




a$227,520 

Mineral waters, gal- 

(0) 

( b ) 


<*) 

(*>) 


Ions sold.. 


(0) 


(*) 






( 6 ) 

(<9 




( c ) 


c 46.088 



c 49,775 

Total value, 
e 1 i minating 
duplications.. 





$288,949 

$297,295 


a Exclusive of potterv, which is included under “Miscellaneous.” 
b Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 
c Derived product includes raw product. 









































































26 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


FLORIDA. 

The mining industry of Florida may be said to have had its be- 

? inning in the discovery of the phosphate beds in 1888 and 1889. 
’ublic attention has been called to the possibilities of what has since 

f rown to an important industry, in Mineral Resources for 1884, about 
ve years before. The first ten years following the discovery of com¬ 
mercial deposits were notable principally as an area of promotion of 
the speculative type, of inflated values, and of over production, with 
the usual collapse and readjustment. The boom in Florida phosphate 
lands and the aftermath were somewhat akin to the iron boom of Bir¬ 
mingham, Ala., about 10 years earlier. After the collapse values 
were readjusted; development since has proceeded along natural and 
conservative lines, and the production of Florida phosphate is an 
established and prosperous industry. Four kinds of phosphate are 
produced—hard rock, soft rock, land pebble, and river pebble, the 
first mentioned being generally the highest grade and the only one 
for which thertf is demand for export. 

Florida is the leading State in the production of phosphate rock, 
which constitutes 95 per cent of the States’ mineral production. In 
1910 the total value of the mineral output of Florida was $9,284,705, 
of which $8,647,774 was the value of the phosphate frock produced. 
In 1911 the phosphate product was valued at $9,473,638, and the 
total value of all mineral products was $10,250,228. The leading 
counties in the production of phosphate rock are Polk, Citrus, 
Alachua, and Marion. 

Florida is also the premier State in the production of fuller’s earth, 
a variety of clay used principally for filtering and clarifying animal, 
mineral, and vegetable oils, and in 1911 it lead in the production of 
ball clay. It is fourth in the production of sand-lime brick. Other 
products are clay and its manufactures, lime, mineral waters, sand, 
and gravel. The following table gives the production of minerals in 
Florida in 1910 and 1911: 


Mineral production of Florida in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Clay products, short 
tons. 

27,403 

18,832 

<4134,542 

170,267' 


$237,268 

24,167 

27,658 

<4114,751 

265,571 


$217,535 

Fuller’s earth, short 
tons. 



Lime.short tons.. 

10,482 

58,386 

10,867 

49,221 

Mineral waters, gal¬ 
lons sold. 

90,189 

2,067,507 

34,858 

14,269 

8,647,774 

21,912 

114,416 

2,436,248 

112,776 

19,330 

9,473.638 

33,339 

Phosphate rock, long 
tons. 





Sand and gravel, 
short tons. 





Sand-lime brick. 


85,450 

„ < C > 
b 49,379 


56,274 

(0 

135,320 

Stone. 


(*>) 

(*>) 





Miscellaneous. 






Total value, 
elimin a t i n g 
duplications.. 






$9,284,705 

$10,250,228 


a Value not included in total value. c Value included under “Miscellaneous ” 

b Derived product includes stone sold rough. 












































CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


27 


GEORGIA. 

. Although Georgia ranks second among all the States in the produc¬ 
tion of four mineral substances, namely, asbestos, bauxite, mineral 
paints, and fuller’s earth, the principal values are from the outputs 
of the stone quarries and the clay-working industry. ^In the value of 
building stone produced, Georgia ranks first among the Southern 
States, and third in the value of clay products, being exceeded only 
by West Virginia and Texas. Georgia granites have a high reputa¬ 
tion for building, and Georgia marbles are highly prized for structural 
and decorative use. The clay products are principally building brick 
and sewer pipe. In the production of a peculiar quality of clay used 
by paper makers Georgia ranks first, with a production in 1911 
valued at approximately $200,000 in its raw state. In 1911 in a total 
value in mineral products of $6,171,367, the clay-working industries 
are represented by $2,859,842 and the quarrying industries by 
$1,967,077. In 1910 the clay-working industries produced wares to 
the value of $2,755,823, the quarry products were valued at $2,027,339, 
and the total production was valued at $6,178,429. The principal 
stone-producing counties are De Kalb and Elbert for granite, and 
Pickens for marble. The clay-working industry is most highly 
developed in Bibb, Fulton, Richmond, Muscogee, and Walker 
counties. Georgia is one of the chief sources of supply of ocher, 
umber, and sienna, and is fourth in the production of graphite. Two 
counties, Dade and Walker, in the northwest corner of the State pro¬ 
duce high-grade bituminous coal. Bauxite, cement, coke, fuller’s 
earth, iron ore, mineral waters, and sand and gravel are products of 
considerable importance, and those of minor consequence are asbestos, 
barytes, copper, gold, gypsum, lime, pyrite, sana-lime brick, silver, 
slate, and soapstone. 

The statistics of the mineral production of Georgia in 1910 and 1911 
are shown in the following table: 

Mineral 'production of Georgia in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Asbestos .short tons.. 

Rarytos (in 

09 

09 

(a) 

09 

09 

w 



09 

09 

09 

09 

$ 







B auxite... long tons.. 
Cement.barrels.. 





383,262 

$279.535 

2,532,038 

368,462 

$330,186 

2,636,380 

Clay products, short 
tons 

66,292 

177,245 

&$223,785 
259,122 

68,161 
165,210 

6$223,462 

246,208 

P.oal short tons 



Colro do 

43,814 

724 

b 173,049 
92 

37,553 

b 135,190 

Coppp.r pounds 





Fuller’s earth, short 

tons 

09 

(a) 

09 

09 



Gold, fine ounces 
( trov) 

1,161 

24,000 

1,548 

32,000 

, (9 

v 1,1 /. 

Gypsum short tons 





Iron ore...long tons.. 
Tron pig do 

313,878 

482,659 



207,279 

315,704 


b 8,325 
7,621 

b 183,132 
29,961 

b 3,519 
6,282 

b 52,060 
24,067 

Lime.short tons.. 






a Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 
b Value not included in total value. 

c Not mined, but calcined, in Georgia. Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 



















































28 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


Mineral production of Georgia in 1910 and 1911 —Continued. 



1910 

1911 

Product. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 


Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Mineral paints, nat¬ 
ural pigments, short 
tons. 



7,564 

71,240 



8,515 

71,197 

Mineral waters, gal¬ 
lons sold_ 

734,135 
(a) 

352,379 

63,171 
(a) 

123,143 

981,080 

97,752 

(a) 

175,734 

Pyrite_long tons.. 

Sand and gravel, 
short tons 



(a) 

518,885 







Sand-lime brick_ 


(a) 

200 


(“) 

300 

Silver, fine ounces 
(troy). 



300 



600 

Slate.... 



(a) 

958,263 

(a) 

50,920 



(a) 

b 1,967,077 

(a) 

Stone. 


1,069,076 

(*>) 

235,009 



( b ) 


Talc and soapstone, 
short tons. 

(*>) 

(a) 


(a) 

Miscellaneous. 


226,878 

47,884 







Total value, 
eliminating 
duplications.. 

$6,178,429 

$6,171,367 


a Value included under “ Miscellaneous.” Derived product includes raw product. 


IDAHO. 

The principal mineral products of Idaho are lead and silver, the 
output chiefly of the Coeur d’Alene mining district in Shoshone 
County. Gold, copper, and zinc are produced in small quantities. 
Shoshone County produces 92 per cent of the ores of precious and 
semiprecious metals mined in the State. Of refined lead, the chief 
source of mineral wealth in the State, Shoshone County produces 96 
per cent; of silver it produces 92 per cent; of copper 85 per cent; and 
of zinc nearly 99 per cent. The total value of the metal production 
of Idaho, as reported by the mining companies, was $16,316,196 
in 1910 and $19,100,894 in 1911, of which Shoshone County is cred¬ 
ited with $14,416,910 in 1910 and $16,306,680 in 1911. The produc¬ 
tion of metals in Idaho as reported from the smelters, which does not 
make any distribution by counties, differs considerably from that 
reported from the mines. In 1910 the total value of the metal pro¬ 
duction in Idaho as reported by the smelters was $14,870,288; in 1911 
it was $17,248,795. The total mineral production of the State, using 
smelter figures for the metal production, was $15,437,403 in 1910 and 
$17,588,340 in 1911, of which the metal production represented 96 per 
cent and the production of Shoshone County alone 84 per cent. 

The nonmetal products, of which Idaho furnishes relatively unim¬ 
portant quantities, are asbestos, clay products, coal (lignite), mineral 
waters, phosphate rock, pumice, salt, building stone, sand-lime brick, 
sand, and gravel. The deposits of phosphate rock in southeastern 
Id alio, which extend over into northeastern Utah and southwestern 
Wyoming, give promise of becoming one of the important mineral 
resources of that tri-State section as the agricultural industries of the 
Western States are developed. 











































CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


29 


The output and value of the mineral production of Idaho by sub¬ 
stances in 1910 and 1911 are shown in the following table: 

Mineral 'production of Idaho in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Asbestos.short tons.. 

Clay products..do_ 

Coal.short tons.. 

( a ) 

(a) (b) 
4,448 

(o) 

(a) (6) 
$17,426 








(o) 

(a)(6) 

1,805 

(a) (6) 
$4,808 


(a) 



Copper.pounds.. 

6,877,515 

50,112 
99,924 
8,094 

$873,444 

1,035,900 

8,793,312 

48,298 

4,514,116 

65,688 

117,159 

6,809 

$564,265 

1,357,900 

10,544,310 

38,088 

Gold, fine * ounces 
(troy). 





Lead.short tons.. 





Lime.do_ 





Mineral water, gal¬ 
lons sold_ 

(<*) 

(a) 

350 

32,675 

(o) 

(o) 

386 

24,450 

(a) 

(a) 

71 

(a) 

(a) 

(a) 

120 

(a) 

Phosphate rock, long 
tons.. 





Salt.barrels.. 

Sand and gravel, 
short tons 

535 

741 

243 

412 

Sand-lime brick 


(o) 

3,794,600 
c57,277 


(a) 

4,419,800 
c 64,250 

(a) 

362,520 

171,576 

Silver, fine ounces 
(troy) 



7,027,000 



8,184,900 

v j . 

Stone 


( c ) 


( c ) 

Tungsten ore (60 per 
cent concentrates) 
short tons 




(a) 

3,180 

short, tons 



3,454 

373,032 
365,773 



M i sop.1 1 n.n p.oi l s 


52,844 


60" 666 

Total value, 
e 1 i m mating 
duplications.. 





$15,437,403 

$17,588,340 


a Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 
b Value not included in total value, 
c Derived product includes stone sold rough. 


ILLINOIS. 

Illinois ranks second or third among the States in the value of its 
mineral production according to whether pig iron or iron ore is taken 
as the basis of output and value. Illinois produces no iron ore, but 
its output of pig iron, derived from ores from the Lake Superior iron 
ranges, amounts in value to between $40,000,000 and $50,000,000 
annually. The only two States whose production of pig iron exceeds 
Illinois are Pennsylvania and Ohio. These two States produce a 
small quantity of iron ore, but Illinois gets all of its raw material 
from Lake Superior. Pennsylvania and Ohio also secure the larger 
part of their ores from the same source. With pig iron as the basis, 
the value of the mineral output of Illinois in 1910 was $140,237,550 
and in 1911 it was $137,384,382. Eliminating pig iron the values 
were for the two years, respectively, $98,772,007 and $106,231,455. 
The latter figures are considered in this summary review. 

The principal raw mineral product of Illinois is coal, in which the 
State ranks third in the quantity produced and second in the value of 
the product. The value of the coal mined in Illinois in 1910 and in 
1911 was considerably more than half the total value of the State’s 
mineral output. Coal is mined in 51 counties in Illinois, just half 





























































30 


MINERAL RESOURCES, 


the total number of counties in the State. The counties accredited 
with the largest production are in the southern part of the State and 
in the southwestern part, adjacent to the city of St. Louis, though 
in the northern part of the State where the mines are closer to the 
Chicago markets large mining operations are also carried on. Two 
counties, St. Clair and Williamson, produce over 5,000,000 tons; two 
others, Madison and Sangamon, exceed 4,000,000 tons; one, Ma¬ 
coupin, exceeds 3,000,000 tons; two, Saline and Vermilion, exceed 
2,500,000 tons; and several others produce over 1,000,000 tons. 
The total production of coal in Illinois in 1911 was 53,679,118 short 
tons, valued at $59,519,478, an increase from 45,900,246 tons, valued 
at $52,405,897, in 1910. Illinois is also a producer of coke, ranking 
fourth among the States in this respect, but at least 80 per cent of the 
raw coal used in the coke ovens comes from West Virginia, some 
Illinois coal being mixed with it. 

Next to coal the principal product of Illinois is petroleum, in the 
production of which the State ranks third. The discovery of petro¬ 
leum in quantity in Illinois is a part of the history of the last decade, 
a few hundred barrels being the maximum yearly output until 1905, 
when oil in quantity was struck. The next year, 1906, the produc¬ 
tion rose to 4,400,000 barrels; in 1907 it rose still further to over 
24,000,000 barrels, and reached the maximum output of 33,686,238 
barrels in 1908. The production in 1911 was 31,317,038 barrels, 
valued at $19,734,339, against 33,143,362 barrels, valued at $ 19,669,383 
in 1910. The principal petroleum producing counties are Lawrence, 
Crawford, Clark, Clinton, Marion, and Cumberland. 

Next to the fuels the clay-working industries contribute most to 
the mineral production of the State, with a total value of $15,176,161 
in 1910 and $14,333,011 in 1911. Clay products might be made in 
any of the 102 counties of the State. The clay is everywhere, and the 
fuel is abundant and cheap. The clay-working industry is concen¬ 
trated in a large measure, however, in Cook County, which contributes 
over one-third the total for the State. Lasalle, Knox, Vermilion, 
Kankakee, and Livingston counties exceed $500,000 in the value of 
their clay products. The principal products are building brick, 
vitrified brick, drain tile, ana architectural terra cotta, though nearly 
every variety of clay product is made. According to the Thirteenth 
Census of the United States, Illinois ranks third in the total value of 
its manufactures; it ranks fourth in the manufacture of clay products. 
Two other industries of importance in Illinois are the manufacture of 
cement and quarrying. The cement plants, which are all located in 
the northern part of the State convenient to the Chicago market and 
the water transportation on Lake Michigan, had outputs valued at 
$4,119,012 in 1910 and $3,583,301 in 1911. Limestone is the prin¬ 
cipal quarry product, and Cook, Kankakee, Vermilion and Will 
counties are the leading producers. 

Illinois is the leading State in the production of fluorspar, mined 
at Kosiclare in the southern part of the State, and second in the pro¬ 
duction of tripoli. Other mineral products of the State are glass 
sand and other sand, gravel, lead, lead pigments, zinc, zinc oxide, 
lime, mineral waters, natural gas, pyrite (a by-product in coal mining), 
and silver. The statistics of production in the last two years are 
presented in the following table: 


CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


31 


Mineral 'production of Illinois in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Asphalt, .short tons.. 







(a) 

(«) ( c ) 

4,582,341 

(a) 

(a) (c) 

$3,583,301 

14,333,011 

Briquets, fuel..do_ 



(*>) 

4,459,450 

(*) 

$4,119,012 

15,176,161 



Cement, Portland,d 
. barrels. 





Clay products, 
short tons. 

188,803 

45,900,240 

c$190,896 

52,405,897 

182,836 

53,679,118 

c$183,826 

59,519,478 

Coal.short tons.. 



Coke.do_ 

1,514,504 

(“) ( c ) 

c6,712,550 

(a) (c) 

( a ) ( c ) 
(a)(c) 

( a )( c ) 

( a )( c ) 

Ferro-alloys, long 
tons. 





Fluorspar, short tons. 
Gypsum.do_ 

47,302 

277,764 

68,817 

481,635 




( e ) 

c31,152,927 
27,720 
423,762 

Iron, pig. .long tons.. 



2,606,335 

262 

113,239 

(“) 

c41,465,543 
23,056 
503,581 

i 

(a) 



2,036,081 
308 
92,169 

Lead.short tons.. 





Lime.do_ 





Mineral paints, zinc- 
leadpigments, short 
tons . 





Miner a 1 waters, 
galinns sold 

1,117,620 

83,148 
613,642 
19,669,3S3 
28,159 

1,730,795 

1,304,950 

82,330 
687,726 
19,734,339 
47,020 

1,990,922 


• 

Natural gas 





Petroleum.. .barrels.. 

Pyrite_long tons.. 

Sand and gravel, 
short, tons 

33,143,362 
8,541 

8,586,50S 



31,317,038 

17,441 

8,488,683 











Silver, fine ounces, 

( trov). 

2,000 

1,100 
2,640,108 

( b ) 

33,390 
167,508 
1,560,547 

4,000 

2,200 
/3,467,930 

958,591 
45,910 
328,776 
7,756,705 

Stone 


1,213,317 


(Q 

Sulphuric acid (60° 
B a u m d ),g short 
tons 




144,805 

Tripoli 






Zinc short, tons . 



1,551 



2,884 

M > seel 1 an eoi i s 





Total value, 
elimina ting 
duplications.. 







$98,772,007 

$106,231,455 


a Value included under “ Miscellaneous. ” 
b No report for 1910. 
c Value not included in total value. 
d Natural cement included under “Miscellaneous. ” 

e Not mined, but calcined, in Illinois. Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 
/ Derived product includes stone sold rough. 
g From zinc smelters. 


INDIANA. 

Indiana ranks fifteenth among the States in the value of its min¬ 
eral production, with a total in 1911 of $37,430,187. In 1910 the 
value of the mineral products aggregated $44,904,701. These 
values are exclusive of pig iron, which in the last two years, because 
of the operations of the United States Steel Corporation at Gary, 
has become an important industry in the State. If pig iron be 
included, the value of the mineral production would show an increase 
of about 30 per cent over the figures given for 1910 and 34 per cent 
over those for 1911. The principal mineral product of the State is 
coal, in the production of which Indiana ranked fifth among the 
States in 1910 and sixth in 1911. Indiana's coal production in 1910, 
owing to the prolonged strike among the miners in Illinois, reached 
its highest record, with an output of 18,389,815 short tons, valued at 
$20,813,659, decreasing in 1911 to 14,201,355 short tons, valued at 















































































32 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


$15,326,808. In 1910 the coal production represented 45 per cent 
of the State’s total; in 1911 it represented 41 per cent. The coal 
production of Indiana in 1910 was nearly 10 times what it was in 
1882. The three principal coal-producing counties are Green, Sul¬ 
livan, and Vigo, each of which has exceeded 3,000,000 tons a year, 
and the last two in 1910 produced over 4,000,000 tons. Only three 
other counties—Clay, Knox, and Vermilion—have produced as much 
as 1,000,000 tons a year. Next to coal mining the clay-working in¬ 
dustries are the most important, Indiana in this respect having the 
same rank as in coal. The value of the clay products amounted to 
$8,100,010 in 1910 and to $7,000,771 in 1911. The leading counties 
in the manufacture of clay products are Clay, Lake, Madison, Vigo, 
Parke, Vermilion, Marion, and Morgan. The principal clay products 
are drain tile, common brick, and encaustic tile. In the manufac¬ 
ture of encaustic tile Indiana ranks third among the States. Third 
in importance among the mining industries of the State is the manu¬ 
facture of Portland cement, in which Indiana ranks second among 
the States in the quantity produced, being exceeded only by Penn¬ 
sylvania. In value Indiana’s production falls below California. 
In 1910 the production of Portland cement in Indiana amounted 
to 7,219,199 barrels, valued at $6,487,508, and in 1911 it was 7,407,830 
barrels, valued at $5,937,241. The centers of cement production 
are Stroh and Syracuse in the northern part of the State, and Mitchell 
and Speeds in the southern part. The quarry products rank* fourth 
in the value of output, the value of the stone produced in 1911 
amounting to $4,413,655, against $4,476,382 in 1910. “Bedford” 
limestone quarried in Lawrence and Monroe counties is highly 
prized for structural purposes and forms the principal stone product 
of the State. 

Since the completion in 1911 of the plant of Koppers by-product 
coke ovens by the United States Steel Corporation at Gary Indiana 
has assumed importance as a manufacturer of coke, ranking sixth 
among the States in that year. The coal for these ovens is, however, 
like most of that consumed in Illinois, drawn from West Virginia 
mines. Petroleum, in which Indiana ranks ninth, and natural gas, 
in which it ranks seventh, add about $3,000,000 to the State’s mineral 
output. Other mineral products are lime, mineral waters, oilstones, 
sand-lime brick, pyrite, sand, and gravel, as shown in the following 
table: 


CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


33 


Mineral 'production of Indiana in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity, 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Briquets, fuel, short 
tons. 



(o) 

7,219,199 

(a) 

$6,487,508 

8,100,010 



(6)(d) 

7,407,830 

( 6 )( d ) 

$5,937,241 

7,000,771 

Cement, Portland, c 
barrels. 





Clay products,short 

tons. 

Coal_short tons.. 

Coke.do.... 

88,176 

18,389,815 

b .$80,829 
20,813,659 

61,992 

14,201,355 

b $54,918 
15,326,808 

b 84,046 

b 269,315 

100 

^12,879,539 

301,304 

(*)( d ) 

(*V(d) 

20 

612,772,275 
324,950 

(d) 

Gems and precious 
stones. 





Iron,pig,long tons.. 



b 830,938 
86,811 



b 851,4S5 
92,229 

(d) 

Lime* - short tons.. 





Mineral paints,nat- 
ural pigments, 
short tons. 





Mineral waters, gal¬ 
lons sold. 

754, 111 

514,958 
1,473,403 



1,084,428 

653,641 

1,192,418 

Natural gas. 





Oilstones.. 



( d ) 



18,151 

Petroleum, barrels.. 
Pyrite..long tons.. 
Sand and gravel, 
short tons. 

2,159,725 
(d) 

6, 418,468 

1,568,475 

(d) 

1,045,162 


1,695,289 

(d) 

6,033,159 

1,228,835 

(d) 

1,133,829 










Sand-lime brick.. 


63,534 
3,064,010 

(a) 

«329,521 


45,891 
e4,413,655 

(0 

«3,779,172 

Stone. 


i, 4i2,372 



( e ) 


Sulphuric acid (60° 
Baume), / short 
tons.. 




(/) 

Miscellaneous 


(<) 



V) 

Total value, 
eliminating 
duplications. 


' 



$44,904,701 

$37,430,187 


a No report for 1910. 
b Value not included in total value, 
c Natural cement included under “Miscellaneous.” 
d Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 
e Derived product includes raw product. 

/ From zinc smelters. Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 


IOWA. 

The total value of the mineral products of Iowa was $21,107,496 
in 1911, against $22,730,968 in 1910. Coal mining and clay working 
are the principal industries, these two contributing 85 per cent of the 
total value. Coal is mined in 21 different counties, of which the 
principal ones are, in order, Monroe, Polk, Appanoose, and Mahaska. 
The coal-mining operations are chiefly on a moderate scale, there 
being but 25 mines in the State having an output in excess of 100,000 
tons; and although Iowa was probably the second State west of 
Mississippi River hi priority as a coal producer (production dating 
back to 1840), the industry in this State has not shown the same 
progress as in many other States east or west of that boundary. The 
production of coal in Iowa in 1911 was less than double that of 1882, 
whereas the total production of coal in the Western States in 1911 
was about 10 times that of 1882. The reason for this probably lies 
in the fact that Iowa is largely an agricultural State and manufac¬ 
tures have not been extensively developed. The State ranks 
eighteenth in the value of its manufactures and twentieth in the value 
of its mineral output. The coal production of the State amounted 































































34 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


to 7,331,648 short tons, valued at $12,663,507, in 1911, against 
7,928,120 tons, valued at $13,903,913, in 1910. 

The clay-working industries, in which Iowa ranks eighth among the 
States, produced wares to the value of $5,328,241 in 1910 and $4,432,- 
874 in 1911. The principal products are drain tile, in which Iowa 
holds first place among the States, and common brick. The principal 
producing counties are Webster, Cerro Gordo, Polk, and Woodbury. 
The branch of the mining industry in which Iowa ranks relatively 
highest is in the production of gypsum. In this respect Iowa holds 
second place among the States, and the value of the gypsum products 
is third in importance in the State’s total, amounting in 1910 to 
$943,849 and in 1911 to $871,752. The other commercial mineral 
products are stone, lime, mineral pigments, mineral waters, sand- 
lime brick, cement, natural gas, sand, and gravel. The pro¬ 
duction of the different minerals in 1910 and 1911 as far as they may 
be published separately was as follows: 

Mineral production of Iowa in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Briquets, fuel, short 
tons. 



(«) 

( c ) 

(a) 

( c ) 

$5,328,241 



(*) (<0 
1,952,590 

(*)(») 

$1,881,253 

4,432,874 

Cement.barrels.. 





Clay products, short 
tons. 

12,640 
7,928,120 
322,713 

b $5,153 
13,903,913 

9,643 

7,331,648 

354,204 

b $3,965 
12,663,507 

Coal.short tons.. 



Gypsum.do_ 


943,849 
81,775 

( c ) 


871 , 752 
80,914 

(<0 

Lime.do_ 


15,481 

( c ) 


14,791 

(0 

Mineral paints, natu¬ 
ral pigments, short 
tons. 





Mineral waters, gal¬ 
lons sold. 

253,100 

27,175 
40 

464,427 

176,000 

20,500 

70 

393,649 

Natural gas. 





Sand and gravel, 
short tons. 

1,798,762 



1,349,004 



Sand-lime brick. 


31,269 

371,376 

4,320 

1,387,903 


( c ) 

d 736,207 

Stone_.... 


1S6,680 



(d) 


Zinc.short tons.. 


40 



Miscellaneous. 






27,970 

Total value, elimi¬ 
nating duplica¬ 
tions . 







$22,730,968 

$21,107,496 



a No report for 1910. c Value included under “ Miscellaneous.” 

b Value not included in total value. d Derived product includes stone sold rough. 


KANSAS. 

The principal mineral products of Kansas are the two fuels, coal 
and natural gas. Some petroleum is produced, but the quantity and 
the value of the output are relatively small. The value of the coal 
and gas considerably exceeds 50 per cent of the State’s total in mineral 
production. The coal productive area is entirely in the eastern part 
of the State, and the two leading coal-producing counties, Cherokee 
and Crawford (credited with 90 per cent of the total), are in the 
extreme southeast corner. The principal counties in the production 
of natural gas are Chautauqua and Montgomery, also in the south- 

























































CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


35 


eastern part of the State. The development of the gas resources of 
Kansas is largely a part of the history of the last decade, for although 
some gas was produced in the State as early as 1886, it did not assume 
any importance until 1901, when the value amounted to $660,000. 
In 1911 the value of the natural gas produced in Kansas was 
$4,854,534. It reached its highest point m 1909, when the output 
was valued at $8,293,846. The deficiency in 1911 was made up from 
gas drawn from Oklahoma. Coal production in Kansas began in 
1869. In 1882, the first year for which Mineral Resources was pub¬ 
lished, the production was estimated at 750,000 tons. The maximum 
production was attained in 1907, with an output of 7,322,449 tons. 
In 1910 coal production in Kansas, as in other Mississippi Valley 
States, was seriously curtailed by the miners’ strike, and amounted 
to only 4,921,451 tons, from which recovery to 6,254,228 tons was 
made in 1911. 

The total value of the mineral production of Kansas was $28,- 
304,191 in 1910 and $24,987,807 in 1911, the distribution by sub¬ 
stances being as follows: 


Mineral 'production of Kansas in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. - 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cement, Portland,a 
barrels. 



5,655,808 

$5,359,408 
62,661,527 



4,871,903 

$3,725,108 
62,360,262 

Clay products 





Coal short tons 

4,921,451 

$7,914,709 


6,254,228 

$9,645,572 


Colcp. ... . do_ 

(«) (d) 

(«) (d) 

370,695 
115,104 
7,503 

(d) 

(0 (d) 

( c ) (d) 
319,504 
226,980 
3,440 

(d) 

frypsum do 

135,088 


122,579 


T.p.ad_ ..do_ 


1,308 

1,510 

(d) 


2,522 

648 

( d ) 

T/imp. do 





Mineral paints, zinc- 
lead pigments, 

short tons 





Mineral waters, 

gflllons sold 

591,004 

82,307 
7,755,367 
444,763 
(d) 

266,058 

165,659 

456,341 

63,063 
4,854,534 
608,756 

(d) 

197,361 

164,058 

Natural pas 





Petroleum... barrels.. 
Pumice, .short tons.. 

Salt.barrels.. 

Sand and gravel, 

1,128,668 

(d) 

1,338,357 

776,638 



1,278,819 

(d) 

769,691 

734,507 







1,473,091 

681,311 

1,390,168 

608,666 

SsmH-limp. Virinlr 


( d ) 

672,847 

(/) 

1,103,760 
« 582,590 


(d) 

e 803,222 

(/) 

780,102 
e629,104 

StOTlP* 


121,583 



(0 


Sulphuric acid (60° 
Baume) /, short 
tons 




(/) 

6,843 

7,i n c* Vi nrt. t.nn s 



10, 220 



\f i 1Q n pnn 


(0 


(«) 

Total value, 
e 1 i minating 
duplications.. 





$28,304,191 

$24,987,807 


a Natural cement included under “Miscellaneous.” 
b Exclusive of pottery, which is included under “Miscellaneous.” 
c Value not included in total value. 
d Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 
e Derived product includes raw product. 

/ From zinc smelters. No report for 1910. Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 

The development of the gas pools of Kansas and Oklahoma has 
built up another important industry in Kansas—the manufacture of 
cement. The output of the cement works ranks third in value among 





































































36 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


the mineral products of the State, and Kansas ranks fourth among 
the States in the quantity and value of cement produced. The 
cement plants are, with two exceptions, in the southeastern corner of 
the State, the largest activity being in the vicinity of Independence, 
in Montgomery County. The production of cement in Kansas 
decreased from 5,655,808 barrels, valued at $5,359,408, in 1910, to 
4,871,903 barrels, valued at $3,725,108, in 1911. 

Natural gas has also influenced the clay-working industry in 
Kansas, but chiefly in lowering the cost of manufacture. The clay 
products of Kansas, exclusive of pottery, were valued at $2,661,527 
m 1910 and at $2,360,262 in 1911. The principal product from the 
clay-burning kilns is vitrified brick, in the production of which 
Kansas ranks fourth among the States. The average price of this 
brick in Kansas in 1911 was $9.88 per thousand, a lower average than 
in any State except Arkansas for the year. Common brick is second 
among the clay products, the output in 1911 being valued at $694,586, 
at the average rate of $3.78 per thousand, the lowest average price 
for this class of clay product in the United States. The principal 
clay-producing counties are Montgomery, Crawford, and Wilson. 

Other important industries in Kansas are zinc mining, salt mining 
and evaporating, stone quarrying, and the mining and calcining of 
gypsum. In the production of salt Kansas ranks fourth among the 
States, and in the mining of zinc it stands sixth. Less important 
mineral products of Kansas are lead, lime, mineral waters, Sand and 
gravel, pumice, sand-lime brick, and zinc and lead pigments. 

KENTUCKY. 

The principal mineral product of Kentucky is coal, the value of 
which constitutes about two-thirds of the State’s total. In 1910 the 
total value of Kentucky’s mineral production was $19,883,476, of 
which the coal output made up $14,405,887, and in 1911 out of 
$18,910,731 the coal mines contributed $13,617,217. The coal- 
producing areas of Kentucky are found in the extreme eastern 
counties and in the more northern counties in the western part of the 
State. The coal beds in the eastern part of the State belong to the 
Appalachian system, whereas those in the western part of the State 
belong to the eastern interior field, the larger part of which lies across 
Ohio River in Illinois and Indiana on the north. The production 
has been nearly evenly divided between the two sections, the western 
areas having somewhat the better of it up to the close of 1911 . The 
supremacy of the western counties has, however, about ceased, as 
extensive developments are in progress in Pike, Johnson, and other 
counties in the eastern part of the State, following the extension of 
branches of several railroad systems into those counties, and the 
next few years will record substantial increases from that section. 
At the present time Bell, Whitley, Knox, and Johnson counties are 
the largest producers in the eastern part of the State, and Muhlenberg, 
Hopkins, Webster, Ohio, and Union counties are the principal pro¬ 
ducers in the western part of the State. In 1911 the coal production 
of Kentucky was 13,706,839 short tons, of which the eastern counties 
produced 6,595,102 tons and the western counties 7,111,737 tons. 
Coal mining in Kentucky began in the third decade of the last 
century, and so far as known Kentucky was the third State to enter 


CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


37 


the list of coal producers, but it was not until the State began to 
recover from the effects of the Civil War that coal mining became an 
industry of any importance. Up to 1875 the production in any one 
year had not amounted to half a million tons, but the census of 1880 
showed an output of 946,288 tons. In 1882 the production was 
estimated at 1,300,000 tons, about one-tenth that of the present time. 

The clay-working industry is second in importance in the State, 
with from 12 to 15 per cent of the total value. The principal clay 
products are firebrick and common brick, and the principal produc¬ 
ing counties are Jefferson, Carter, Kenton, and Boyd. The clay 
products in 1910 were valued at $2,567,537, and in 1911 they were 
valued at $2,368,094. 

The statistics of the mineral production in 1910 and 1911, by sub¬ 
stances, as far as they can be published separately, are given in the 
following table: 

Mineral production of Kentucky in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 


1910 


Raw. 


Quantity. 


Value. 


Derived. 


Quantity. 


Value. 


1911 


Raw. 


Quantity. 


Value. 


Derived. 


Quantity. 


Value. 


Asphalt, .short tons.. 

Barytes.do— 

Cement.bairels.. 

Clay products, short 

tons. 

Coal.do— 

Coke.do_ 

Ferro-alloys, long 

tons. 

Fluorspar.short tons.. 
Iron ore.. .long tons.. 

Iron, pig.do— 

Lead.short tons.. 

Lime.do— 

Mineral paints, natu¬ 
ral pigments, short 

tons. 

Mineral waters, gal¬ 
lons sold. 

Natural gas. 

Oilstones. 

Petroleum... barrels.. 
Phosphate rock, long 

tons. 

Sand and gravel, 

short tons. 

Sand-lime brick. 

Silver, fine ounces 

(troy). 

Stone. 

Zinc.short tons.. 

Miscellaneous. 


9,938 
(°) 


$53,703 
(a) 


1,287 


$12,226 


(a) 


80,420 
14,623,319 


b 85,655 
14,405,887 


(a) 

2,567,537 


(°) 

(a) 


(a) 

(a) 


(a) 


(a) 


(a) 


17,003 
51,193 


124,574 

63,066 


53,857 
(a) (6) 


b 120,554 
(o) (6) 


131,801 

13,706,839 


b $126,457 
13,617,217 


(a) 

2,368,094 


81,677 

50 

3,622 


(a) 


&1,312,288 
4,400 
12,468. 


12,403 
63,770 


96,574 
78,212 


66,099 
(a) (6) 


b 134,862 
(o) (6) 


57,982 


b 870,542 


(a) 


4,365 


(a) 


15,121 


(a) 


403,736 


55,195 
456,293 


423,729 


49,827 
407,689 


468,774 


324,684 


737,350 


386,446 


(<9 

■(c)" 


(a) 


29 


(a) 

cl, 0^,588 
3,132 
800,277 


472,458 
(«) 
906,905 


328,614 
(a) 

389,568 


(a) 


(a) 


( c ) 


35,095 


205 


cl, 227,609 
23,370 
704,779 


Total value, elim¬ 
inating dupli¬ 
cations. 


$19,883,476 


$18,910,731 


a Value included under “ Miscellaneous.” c Derived product includes raw product. 

b Value not included in total value. 


The quarrying industry is third in importance and is confined 
to the production of limestone, most of which is crushed for road 
making, railroad ballast, and concrete. The principal producing 
counties are Fayette, Jefferson, Jessamine, Rock Castle, Warren, and 

63564°—12-3 















































































38 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


Caldwell. The total production of stone in 1911 was valued at 
$1,227,609, against $1,073,588 in 1910. Natural gas was produced to 
the value of $456,293 in 1910 and of $407,689 in 1911, and petroleum 
to the value of $324,684 in 1910 and of $328,614 in 1911 was produced 
in Barren, Bath, Floyd, Knott, Logan, Rowan, Wayne, and Wolf 
counties. Kentucky is second among the States in the production of 
fluorspar and third in the production of barytes. The former is 
mined in Crittenden and Livingston counties and the latter in Boyle, 
Fayette, Garrard, and Lincoln counties. Other mineral products of 
the State are asphalt, cement, iron ore, lead, lime, mineral waters, 
mineral paints, oilstones, phosphate rock, sand and gravel, sand-lime 
brick, silver, and zinc. A small quantity of lithographic stone was 
quarried at Brandenburg in 1911. 

LOUISIANA. 

It is only during the last 10 years that Louisiana has attained any 
prominence as a mineral-producing State. Following the sensational 
strike of oil at Beaumont, Tex., in 1901, prospecting for petroleum 
was actively carried on across Sabine River in Louisiana, resulting in 
the discovery and development of several pools in the vicinity of 
Jennings. Since that time productive areas have been developed in 
many parts of the State, and Louisiana now ranks eighth among the 
States in the production of petroleum. The Caddo district, opened 
in 1906, is the principal producer at the present time and of greatest 
promise for the future. It is located in Caddo Parish in the north¬ 
western part of the State, about 200 miles from the place of original 
discovery of oil near Jennings. The production of petroleum in 
Louisiana amounted to 6,841,395 barrels, valued at $3,574,069, in 
1910, and to 10,720,420 barrels, valued at $5,668,814, in 1911. 

In one respect Louisiana stands preeminently first among the 
States. This is-in the production of sulphur. In 1904 the Frasch 
process for the recovery of sulphur from beds lying under a heavy 
cover of quicksand was put into successful operation by the Union 
Sulphur Co. at Sulphur City, about 12 miles west of Lake Charles, in 
Calcasieu Parish. Since that time approximately 1,000,000 tons of 
refined sulphur have been recovered. Prior to this the only domestic 
source of sulphur in quantity in the United States was iron pyrites, 
from which sulphuric acid is made direct. Nearly all the sulphur 
used was imported from Sicily. At the present time the domestic 
output of refined sulphur, except that from Louisiana, is a negligible 
quantity. The imports of sulphur into the United States in 1903 
were valued at $3,709,690; in 1911 they were valued at $552,836. 

In addition to petroleum and sulphur Louisiana is an important 
producer of rock salt, in which the State also ranks first. The salt 
mines underlie so-called “ islands,” really mounds rising above the 
marshlands along the Gulf shore in Iberia Parish. The Petite Anse 
mines on Avery Island were operated during the Civil War, having 
been developed in a small way in 1862. This mine was flooded 
twice, and a new shaft was sunk in 1899. Mining on Weeks Island 
was begun in 1902. In the total production of salt, including that 
evaporated from brine, Louisiana ranks sixth among the States. 


CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


39 


Louisiana’s clay products, exclusive of pottery, were valued at 
$546,873 in 1910 and at $531,949 in 1911. The principal clay product 
is common brick. The other mineral products are mineral waters, 
natural gas, pottery, stone, sand, and gravel. 

The production of the State in 1910 and 1911 is shown in the 
following table: 

Mineral 'production of Louisiana in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Clay products 




a $546,873 




a$531,949 

Mineral waters, gal¬ 
lons sold . 

2,313,000 

$163,975 

(ft) 

3,574,069 

09 

372,336 

(<9 

09 

5,423,516 


1,520,550 

$110,998 

09 

5,668,814 

09 

344.281 

5,953,897 


Natural gas.. 





Petroleum.. .barrels.. 
Ra.lt. rlo 

6,841,395 

69 

835,295 



10,720,420 

(ft) 

969,259 







Sand and gravel, 

dhnrt t.nns 





Stone 


09 


09 

Sulphur...long tons.. 
M i snp. 11 an p.nn s 

(*9 


09 



39,224 


101,019 

Total value, 
eliminating 
duplications . 





$10,119,993 

$12,710,958 


a Exclusive of pottery, which is included under “Miscellaneous.” 
b Value included under “'Miscellaneous.” 
c Derived product includes stone sold rough. 


MAINE. 

The total value of the mineral production of Maine is less than 
$5,000,000, and it ranks thirty-ninth as a mining State, but in one 
mineral product, feldspar, it holds first place. Feldspar is mined in 
Androscoggin, Oxford, and Sagadahoc counties. In 1911 Maine pro¬ 
duced 24 per cent of the quantity and 42 per cent of the value of the 
feldspar produced in the United States. The principal mineral product 
of the State, however, is granite, in the production of which Maine 
ranks second among the States, being exceeded only by Vermont. 
Approximately one-half of the total value of the mineral production 
of Maine is represented by the output of its granite quarries, which 
are located in Franklin/ Hancock, Kennebec, Knox, and Waldo 
counties. The stone production was valued at $2,320,018 in 1910 and 
at $2,263,200 in 1911. Maine is also one of the three leading States 
in the production of slate, quarried in Piscataquis County, and it 
ranks fourth among the States in the production of lime, the value 
of which in 1910 was $893,599, and in 1911, $773,212. The other 
commercial mineral products are manufactures from clay, including 
pottery, gems (intermittently), mineral waters, sand, and gravel. 










































40 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


The production of minerals in Maine during 1910 and 1911 is 
shown in the following table: 

Mineral production of Maine in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Clay products. 




$605,881 




$625,214 

Feldspar.short tons.. 
Gems and precious 
stones. 

20,762 

$196,463 


25,976 

$246,305 



3,305 

893,599 


12,355 

773,212 

Lime.short tons.. 



179,656 



152,552 

Mineral waters, gal¬ 
lons sold. 

1,238,171 

41,569 

404,539 

40,313 

1,254,783 

33,308 

431,740 

30,088 

Sand and gravel, 
short tons. 





Slate. 


249,005 

a2,320,018 


263,516 

o2,263,200 

Stone. 


(a) 



(a) 


Total value, 
eliminating 
duplications . 


. 



$4,713,123 

$4,645,630 


a Derived product includes stone sold rough. 


MARYLAND. 

Exclusive of pig iron, the value of the mineral production of Mary¬ 
land was $10,238,488 in 1910 and $9,386,663 in 1911. If pig iron, 
most of which is from ore mined in other States or from ore imported 
from foreign countries, be included, the value of the product would 
be increased approximately 50 per cent. 

The principal mineral product of Maryland is coal, mined in Alle¬ 
gany and Garrett counties in the western part of the State. The 
value of the output of the coal mines approximates one-half the 
value of the State’s total. Coal mining in Maryland began early in 
the last century, the first coal being shipped by barges on Potomac 
River as early as 1830. Mining had begun, however, 10 or 12 years 
earlier. The first company was incorporated in 1836. The “Big 
Vein” of Maryland, from which most of the coal has been produced, 
is approaching exhaustion, and operations in the future will be 
chiefly in the smaller and deeper beds. The industry has remained 
practically stationary during the last 10 years. The production in 
1911 was 4,685,795 short tons, and the average for the 10 years ending 
with 1910 was 4,973,860 tons. 

Next to coal the clay-working industry is the most important 
branch of mining in Maryland, 18 per cent of the total value being 
from the clay pits. The principal clay product is building brick, and 
the principal producing locality is in the vicinity of Baltimore. 
Third in importance are the quarries, which yield 10 per cent of the 
total value. The principal stone quarried is granite, the quarries 
being located in Cecil, Harford, Howard, Montgomery, and Baltimore 
counties and in Baltimore City. Other commercial mineral products 
are feldspar, cement, copper, iron ores, lime, mineral pigments, min¬ 
eral waters, infusorial earth, quartz, slate, sand-lime brick, talc, sand, 
and gravel. 





































CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


41 


The quantity and value of the minerals produced in Maryland dur¬ 
ing 1910 and 1911 are shown in the following table: 


Mineral production of Maryland in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910. 

1911. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Briquets, fuel, 
short tons. 



09 

0) 

(a) 

0) 

$1,848,273 



0909 

O) 

09 0) 
O) 

$1,772,434 

Cement.barrels.. 





Clay products, 
short tons. 

22,696 

5,217,125 

b $46,143 
5,835,058 

12,323 
4,685,795 

b $28,123 
5,197,066 

Coal.short tons.. 



Coke.do_ 

09 O) 

09 0) 

09 0) 

23,555 

0)0) 

2,944 

Copper.pounds.. 





Feldspar .short tons.. 
Infusorial earth. 

9,977 

47,340 



12,694 

56,265 


(<9 


O) 

Iron ore.. .long tons.. 
Iron, pig.do_ 

14,062 

29,105 


0) 

O) 


b 326.214 
121,555 

(<9 

*5,230,824 
377,236 

(<9 

b 222,420 
114,386 

O) 

63,467,789 

362,839 

O) 

Lime.short tons.. 





Mineral paints, natu- 
ral pigments, 
short tons. 





Mineral waters, 
gallons sold. 

1,163,828 

8,614 

954,393 

102,371 

50,410 

396,357 

1,657,756 

7,977 

482,152 

150,966 

34,286 

246,486 

Quartz.. .short tons.. 
Sand and gravel, 
short tons. 









Sand-lime brick. 


09 

78,573 
dl, 205,761 

O) 

1,607,877 


O) 

76,035 
dl, 133,339 

O) 

dl,704,217 

Slate. 







Stone. 


(d) 



(d) 


Talc and soapstone, 
short tons. 


O) 


O) 

Miscellaneous. 




(d) 

Total value, 
eliminating 
duplications.. 






$10,238,488 

$9,386,663 


a No report for 1910. c Value included under “ Miscellaneous.” 

b Value not included in total value. d Derived product includes raw product. 


MASSACHUSETTS. 

The principal mineral products of Massachusetts are stone and 
clay. About one-half the total value of the mineral production is 
furnished by the stone quarries, exclusive of limestone burned into 
lime. The clay products furnish from 25 to 30 per cent of the total, 
and lime adds from 10 to 15 per cent. Approximately one-half of 
the quarry product is granite, of which the principal producing coun¬ 
ties are Bristol, Essex, Middlesex, Norfolk, and Worcester. The pro¬ 
duction of trap rock in Essex, Hampden, Middlesex, Norfolk, and 
Suffolk counties yields values about half that of granite, and the other 
fourth is made up by sandstone and marble in the proportion of two 
to one. Sandstone is quarried in Hampden and Suffolk counties, 
and marble in Berkshire and Hampden counties. The principal clay 
products are common brick and brick for stove lining, and the prin¬ 
cipal producing counties are Bristol, Middlesex, Hampden, Suffolk, 
and Essex. The lime industry is independent of the marble quarries 
and is located chiefly in Berkshire County in the extreme western 
part of the State. Massachusetts ranks sixth among the States in 
the manufacture of lime; it is eighth in the total production of 
stone. Other products to which the State contributes are fuller's 






































































42 


MINERAL RESOURCES, 


earth, mineral waters, talc and soapstone, feldspar, sand and gravel, 
infusorial earth, mica, pyrite, and quartz. A small quantity of iron 
ore is mined and a small quantity of pig iron is produced in the 
State. The total value of the mineral production of Massachusetts 
in 1911 was $6,623,077, against $5,903,976 in 1910. The quarry 
products were valued at $2,870,640 in 1910 and at $3,691,747 in 1911; 
the clay products at $1,707,413 in 1910 and at $1,700,287 in 1911. 
Lime, the third item of importance, was valued at $758,739 in 1910 
and at $695,662 in 1911. 

The distribution of the mineral production of Massachusetts by 
substances in 1910 and 1911 was as follows: 


Mineral 'production of Massachusetts in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Clay products, short 
tons. 

1,922 

o $2,985 


$1,707,413 
(a) (6) 

1,187 

a $2,972 


$1,700,287 

(a) (6) 

Coke.short tons.. 

(a) (6) 

(«)( 6 ) 

Emery.do_ 

(*>) 

( b ) 

(*) 

() 

( b ) 
l b ) 

(*>) 

(*>) 

Feldspar.do_ 





Fullers’ earth, .do_ 

Gems and precious 
stones. 



( b ) 

( b ) 




280 

( b ) 


850 

(*) 

Infusorial earth. 







Iron ore.. .long tons.. 
Iron, pig.do_ 

( b ) 

(*>) 


( b ) 

( b ) 


(a) (6) 
140,942 

(a)(6) 

758,739 

(*) 

(a) (6) 
137,440 

(a) (6) 

695,662 

Lime.short tons.. 





Mica. 





Mineral waters, gal¬ 
lons sold. 

4,691,159 

(*>) 

( b ) 

321,800 

241,949 

( b ) 

212,716 


4,610,474 
( b ) 

( b ) 

374,326 

218,870 

(*) 

( b ) 

222,822 



Pyrite.long tons.. 





Quartz.. .short tons.. 
Sand and gravel, 
short tons. 









Sand-lime brick. 




( b ) 

<3,691,747 

c36,883 
1,521,341 

Stone. 


( c ) 


c2,870,640 

52,204 
1,475,109 


( c ) 

G) 

51,441 


Talc and soapstone, 
short tons. 

% 

7,475 

( c ) 

c 7,642 

Miscellaneous. 


59,690 

Total value, 
eliminating 
duplications.. 





$5,903,976 

$6,623,077 


a Value not included in total value. c Derived product includes raw product. 

b Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 


MICHIGAN. 

Michigan ranks second among the States in the production of iron 
ore, being exceeded by Minnesota; first in the production of salt, 
with New York second; second in the production of grindstones, 
with Ohio first. Michigan outranks all the other States in the pro¬ 
duction of sand-lime brick, ranks third in the production of copper, 
anti fourth in the production of gypsum. With iron ore as the basis 
of iron production, Michigan ranks sixth among the States in the 
value of mineral output, which for Michigan in 1910 amounted to 
$83,581,377 and in 1911 to $65,077,232. Of these totals, the iron- 
ore production represented $41,393,585 in 1910 and $23,808,935 in 
1911, the slump hi the iron trade in 1911 being exhibited in Michigan 

































































CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


43 


by a decrease in ore production of 4,359,513 long tons, or 32.77 per 
cent, in quantity, and of $17,584,650, or 42.48 per cent, in value. 
The iron ores of Michigan, as of the other two States included in the 
Lake Superior region (Minnesota and Wisconsin), are hematites of 
Bessemer grade. They occur in the Marquette range, all of which 
is in Michigan, and the Menominee and Gogebic ranges, the larger 
portions of which are in Michigan and smaller portions in Wisconsin. 
The principal producing counties are Marquette, Iron, Gogebic, and 
Dickinson; a relatively small quantity comes from Baraga County. 

In 1882, the first year for which the volume of Mineral Resources 
was published, the Marquette and Menominee ranges were the only 
ones opened in the Lajte Superior region. The production in that 
year was a little short of 3,000,000 long tons, most of which was 
from Michigan. The Crystal Falls and Iron River ranges began 
production in 1882, the first year covered by this review. These 
ranges are not as important producers as the better known ranges, 
but each one is still turning out over a million tons yearly. The 
Gogebic range was opened in 1884, as was the Vermillion range in 
Minnesota. The Mesabi range in Minnesota, now the greatest iron 
producer of the world, was opened in 1892, but Michigan continued 
to lead in the production of ore until the first year of the present 
century, its supremacy ceasing with 1900. At the present time 
two-thirds of the iron-ore production of the Lake Superior region is 
from the Mesabi range in Minnesota. A special chapter on the iron- 
ore reserves of Michigan, by C. K. Leith, is published in the present 
volume of Mineral Resources. 

Next to iron ore in the value of Michigan’s mineral production is 
copper, this metal furnishing nearly 34 per cent of the total value in 
1910 and 42 per cent in 1911. Out of a total production of 
1,097,232,749 pounds of copper, valued at $137,154,092 for the 
United States in 1911, Michigan produced 218,185,236 pounds, 
valued at $27,273,155. In 1910 Michigan produced 221,462,984 
pounds out of a total of 1,080,159,509 pounds. “Lake” copper, as 
the output of Michigan is called, is largely native and is considered 
for some purposes superior to “electrolytic” copper. It usually 
sells about one-fourth cent a pound above other coppers. The 
mming of copper in Michigan is of prehistoric origin, the metal being 
used by the North American Indians before the advent of white men. 
Records since 1810 show that the total production of copper from 
that date to the close of 1911 has amounted to approximately 
5,000,000,000 pounds, or about 30 per cent of the total output of the 
United States. The annual production at the present time is about 
four times what it was in 1882. 

Michigan stands well up among the States in the manufacture of 
cement, the production amounting to 3,686,716 barrels in 1911 and 
3,687,719 barrels in 1910. There were 11 cement mills in operation 
in 1911, all but one of them in the southern half of the Lower Penin¬ 
sula. In the production of salt Michigan and New York have fre¬ 
quently alternated as first in rank, Michigan holding the place of 
honor in 1911. The salt works were formerly by-plants of the lum¬ 
ber industry, and used the sawmill waste for fuel. The decline in. 
the lumber industry and the scarcity of wood for fuel has probably 
caused the salt works to turn to coal as a fuel and has influenced the 
coal production of the State. Up to 1896 the highest production of 


44 


MINERAL RESOURCES 


coal had been made in 1882, with a total of 135,339 tons. Active 
development of Michigan coal began in 1897, and by 1901 the pro¬ 
duction had reached nearly 1,250,000 tons. At the present time it 
usually ranges from 1,500,000 to 2,000,000 tons, though the output 
in 1911 was a little below the smaller figure. Competition of higher 
grade coals from Pennsylvania holds back the production from the 
Michigan mines. Bay and Saginaw counties are the principal pro¬ 
ducers of both coal and salt. » 

There are two plants of by-product coke ovens, one at Delray and 
the other at Wyandotte, but the coal at both of these plants is drawn 
from mines of West Virginia. The mineral production of Michigan 
during 1910 and 1911, as far as the same can be shown, was as 
follows: 

Mineral production of Michigan in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quan¬ 

tity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Briquets, fuel, short 
tons. 



(0 

3,687,719 

(0 

$3,378,940 

2,196,222 



(*0(0 

(0 

(0 

3,686,716 

(0(0 

(0 

(0 

$3,024,676 

2,083,932 

Bromine.. .pounds.. 





Calcium chloride, 
short tons. 





Cement... .barrels.. 





Clay products, short 
tons. 

1,424 
1,534,967 

b $4,394 
2,930,771 

1,764 
1,476,074 

6$ 5,272 
2,791,461 

Coal.short tons.. 



Coke.do_ 

(0(0 
221,462,984 

(0(0 

28,125,799 

2,500 

(0(0 

218,185,236 

(0(0 

27,273,155 

4,292 

Copper_pounds.. 





Gems and precious 
stones. 





Graphite, amor¬ 
phous.short tons.. 
Grindstones. 

(0 

(0 


(<0 

(0 



(0 

668,201 


153,292 
573,926 

Gypsum.short tons. 
Iron ore. .long tons.. 
Iron, pig.do_ 

357,174 
13,303,906 



347,296 
8,944,393 



41,393,585 


23,808,935 


307,975 

72,345 

65,119,074 
303,377 

304, 654 
80, 709 

64,672,799 
352,608 

Lime.\r.short tons.. 





Manganiferous ore, 
long tons. 

d 285,372 

(O 

(O 

(O 

Mineral paints, nat¬ 
ural pigments, 
short tons. 

(0 

(0 

(0 

(0 

Mineral waters, gal¬ 
lons sold. 

1,454,020 

69,538 
820 

(0 

(<0 

79,226 

816,337 

1,713,401 

72,253 
1,330 
(0 
(0 

177,172 

565,969 

Natural gas. 





Petroleum.. barrels.. 
Quartz, .short tons.. 

Salt.barrels.. 

Sand and gravel, 
short tons. 

(0 

(0 

247,682 

2,862,738 



(0 

(0 

553,664 

2,185,165 







9,204, 440 

2,152,036 

9, 766,410 

2,455,983 

Sand-lime brick. 


240,649 
(0 

141,600 
« 894,409 
1,584,226 


210,001 

(0 

274,100 
el, 065,520 
1,524,754 

Scythestones. 







Silver, fine ounces 
(troy). 



262,200 



507,700 

Stone. 


(O 

31,104 


(O 

34,420 

Miscellaneous. 





Total value, 
e 1 i m i n ating 
duplications... 





$S3,581,377 

$65,077,232 


« No report for 1910. 
b Value not included in total value, 
c Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 


d Tonnage and value included with iron ore. 
e Derived product includes stone sold rough. 


The clay products of Michigan are valued at about $2,000,000 annu¬ 
ally. The principal clay products are common brick and drain the, 
and the leading counties are Wayne, Eaton, Jackson, and Saginaw. 

























































































CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


45 


Publication No. 8 of the Michigan Geological and Biological Sur¬ 
vey, now in press, contains extended chapters on the occurrence, 
production, mining methods, and trade conditions of iron, copper, 
coal, salt, cement, and gypsum in the State. 

Michigan leads all the other States in the manufacture of sand- 
lime brick. The production of 1910 was valued at $240,649, and that 
of 1911 at $210,001. Michigan also leads in the production of bro¬ 
mine, a by-product of salt manufacture. In addition to the products 
enumerated above, Michigan is also a producer of lime, mineral 
waters, building stone, graphite, grindstones, mineral paints, natural 
gas, oilstones, pig iron, petroleum, quartz, sand, and gravel. It is 
also a producer of silver as a by-product from copper mining. 

MINNESOTA. 

Minnesota’s wealth of iron ore gives it prominent place among the 
mining States, and the production of iron ore is the only important 
branch of the mining industry in the State. In its output of iron 
ore Minnesota far outranks all other States, the production of Min¬ 
nesota in the last two years, in both quantity and value, being con¬ 
siderably more than one-half that of the United States. In 1910 
the total production of iron ore in the United States was 56,889,734 
long tons, valued at $140,735,607, of which Minnesota produced 
31,966,769 long tons, valued at $78,462,560. The iron mining and 
manufacturing interests experienced a monopoly of hard times and 
business depression in 1911 and the production of iron ore fell off 
sharply in sympathy with the decline m the manufacture of pig iron 
and of steel. The total production of iron ore in the United States de¬ 
creased in 1911 to 40,989,808 tons, valued at $86,419,830, and the out¬ 
put in Minnesota fell off to 23,398,406 long tons, valued at $48,447,760, 
the State maintaining its relative proportion of the tonnage. In 1910 
Minnesota was credited with 56.2 per cent of the total quantity and 
55.75 per cent of the total value; in 1911 it contributed 57.08 per 
cent of the quantity and 56.06 per cent of the value. The iron-ore 
production of Minnesota represents 96 per cent of the total value of 
its mineral products. With pig iron as a basis of production, Minne¬ 
sota ranks thirty-eighth among the States. With iron ore as the basis 
of production, Minnesota advances to the seventh place in the list 
of mining States, with its production in 1910 valued at $83,868,520 and 
in 1911 at $53,460,561. By far the largest part of the iron production 
is from the Mesabi iron range, now the most important iron-producing 
district of the world. The Mesabi is the youngest of the great iron- 
ore ranges, having been opened in 1892 with a production in that 
year of less than 30,000 tons; by 1894 it had reached nearly 2,000,000 
tons annually, and in 1902, when 10 years of age, it produced over 
13,000,000 tons, or nearly one-half of the total output of Lake Supe¬ 
rior iron ore. Its maximum output of 30,576,409 tons was attained 
in 1910. It dropped to 22,160,101 long tons in 1911. The Vermilion 
Range, one of the older producing districts, is also entirely within 
Minnesota. Its maximum production was attained in 1902—a 
total of 2,057,532 tons. The production of the Vermilion Range has 
shown a declining tendency in the last 10 years, the output of 1911 
being only a little more than one-half of what it was in 1902. During 
1911 a new range, known as the Cuyuna, was opened in Minnesota, 


46 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


and the shipments made from this range in this year amounted to 
147,431 tons. The iron-ore production of Minnesota is primarily the 
output of St. Louis County, whose production approximates 75 per 
cent of the total. Itasca County continues to produce approximately 
25 per cent of the total, and smaller quantities come from Crow Wing 
ana Lake counties. 

Exclusive of the iron-ore and pig-iron production the value of the 
mineral products of Minnesota amounted to $5,405,960 in 1910 and 
to $5,012,801 in 1911. The pig iron produced in 1910 was valued at 
approximately $960,000 and in 1911 at a little less than $800,000. 
Among the less important mineral products are those from the quar¬ 
ries and clay pits. These two approximately divided the honor for 
second and third place in the State’s mining industry. 

In 1910 the value of the stone production in Minnesota was 
$1,976,095 and the value of the clay production was $1,901,296. In 
1911 the quarry products were valued at $1,702,525 and the clay 
products at $1,693,478. The principal stone products are granite, 
limestone, and sandstone. The counties producing limestone are 
Blue Earth, Hennepin, Le Sueur, and Winona. Those producing 
sandstone are Nicollet, Pine, and Pipestone. Those producing gran¬ 
ite are Benton, St. Louis, Sherburne, and Stearns. Minnesota ranks 
second among the States in the production of sand-lime brick. The 
total output m 1910 was valued at $154,250 and in 1911 at $93,734. 
Other products are sand and gravel, mineral waters, lime, cement, 
and pottery. A few gems also have been found within the State. 

The distribution of the mineral products of Minnesota by sub¬ 
stances in 1910 and 1911 was as follows: 


Mineral 'production of Minnesota in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quan¬ 

tity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quan¬ 

tity. 

Value. 

Cement.barrels.. 



(a) 

(o) 

c$l,901,296 
(a) (6) 



(0) 

(a) 

c$l,693.478 
(a) (6) 

Clay products, short 
tons. 

(») 

(a) (6) 



Coke.short tons.. 

(a) (6) 



(a)(6) 

Feldspar.do_ 

(o) 

(a) 

(a) 

(o) 

Gems and precious 
stones. 


160 



Gypsum.short tons.. 







(<*) 

Iron ore.. .long tons.. 
Iron, pig.do_ 

31,966,769 

$78,462,560 



23,398,406 

$48,447,760 


658,244 
45,194 

6 959,279 
289,227 

6 56,668 
39,208 

6 790,827 
242,945 

Lime.short tons.. 





Mineral waters, gal¬ 
lons sold. 

9,962,370 

1,938,112 

281,009 

347,138 

8,703,319 

i; 522,295 

270,039 

399,980 

Sand and gravel, 
short tons. 





Sand-lime brick. 


154,250 
«1,976,095 
e 724,280 


93,734 
el.702,525 
e973,004 

Stone. 


(«) 

(0 



(«) 

(*) 


Miscellaneous. 





Total value, 
eliminating 
duplications . 





$83,868,520 

$53,460,561 


a Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 

6 Value not included in total value. 

c Exclusive of pottery , which is included under “Miscellaneous.” 
d Not mined, but calcined, in Minnesota. Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 
« Derived product includes raw product. 

























































CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


47 


MISSISSIPPI. 

The only title of Mississippi to inclusion in the list of mining States 
rests in the utilization of some of its clays, in the digging of sand, 
chiefly for building purposes, and gravel, and in the sale of mineral 
waters. The total value of the mineral products of Mississippi in 1910 
was $840,152, of which $632,999 was represented by the value of the 
clay products, $159,482 by sand and gravel, and $43,975 by the 
mineral waters sold. In 1911 the clay products were valued at 
$687,836, the sand and gravel at $286,206, and mineral waters at 
$75,050, the total value, including a few miscellaneous products, 
being $1,052,842. Eighty per cent of the value of the clay products 
is represented by common brick, the remainder being made up of 
drain tile and front brick. The pottery branch of the clay-working 
industry has been developed to some extent and wares to the value 
of about $20,000 are produced annually. 

The statistics of production during the last two years have been 
as follows: 

Mineral production of Mississippi in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Clay products, short 
tons 

(a)(6) 

(a)(6) 


$632,999 




$687,830 

Iron ore long tons.. 


( 6 ) 

346,500 

631,084 

(*>) 

$75,050 

286,206 


Mineral waters, gal¬ 
lons sold 

309,450 

363,121 

$43,975 

159,482 





Sand and gravel, 

short, tons 





Rand-limp, brink 


( b ) 

C3/701 


(*>) 

c 3,750 

Miscellaneous 


( c ) 



( c ) 


Total value, 
elimina ting 
duplications.. 





$840,152 

$1,052,842 


a Value not included in total value. 

6 Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 
c Derived product includes raw product. 


MISSOURI. 

Missouri leads all the other States in the production of four mineral 
substances, namely, zinc, lead, barytes, and tripoli. It is found 
in the production of mineral paints, fifth in lime and sand and 
gravel, sixth in Portland cement, and seventh in clay products. 
The principal products of the State are spelter (zinc) and lead. 
The production of spelter in 1910 was 140,652 short tons, valued at 
$15,190,416, and in 1911, 127,540 tons, valued at $14,539,560. The 
value of the lead product was less than that of spelter in 1910, but 
took first place in 1911, the production in 1910 being 161,659 short 
tons, valued at $14,225,992, and in 1911, 182,207 tons, valued at 
$16,398,630. The lead and spelter production constitutes 60 per 
cent of the State’s total value in mineral products. Missouri fur¬ 
nishes 55 per cent of the total spelter product of the United States, 
and from 40 to 45 per cent of the total lead. The lead ores of Mis- 

































48 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


souri and the other States of the Mississippi Valley are almost free 
from silver, and the lead produced from them is known to the trade 
as “soft lead.” 

The principal producing counties of lead and zinc ores are St. 
Francois and Jasper. 

Coal mining in Missouri has not' shown much progress in recent 
years, although this State ranks first in priority of coal production in 
the States west of the Mississippi River, the census of 1840 showing 
a production of 9,972 short tons in that year. The maximum pro¬ 
duction was attained in 1903, when 4,238,586 tons were mined. 
Since then the industry has shown a declining tendency, the produc¬ 
tion in 1910 being 2,982,433 short tons, and m 1911, 3,760,607 tons. 
The smaller production in 1910, the smallest in 13 years, was due to 
the prolonged miners’ strike in that year Competition with the 
more cheaply mined coal of Illinois, and in the last few years with 
petroleum and natural gas from the Mid-Continent field of Oklahoma 
and Kansas, has kept back production from the Missouri mines. The 
principal coal-producing counties are Macon, Lafayette, Adair, Ray, 
and Barton. 

Fourth in importance in Missouri’s mineral production are the 
clay-working industries, which contributed $7,087,766 in 1910 and 
$6,274,353 in 1911. The principal clay product is fire brick, and the 
fire brick region is in the immediate vicinity of St. Louis. In the 
value of its fire brick product Missouri ranks second among the 
States, being exceeded only by Pennsylvania, though Ohio also 
exceeds Missouri in the quantity of fire brick produced. The average 
value per thousand of the fire brick produced in Missouri was $20.28 
in 1911, and that of Ohio’s product was $16.46 per thousand. The 
total value of Missouri’s clay products in 1911 was $6,274,353, of 
which fire brick furnished $1,763,548, common brick $1,309,164, 
sewer pipe $1,156,626, vitrified brick $488,299, and front brick 
$330,332. Drain tile and fireproofing are also important products, 
and, in fact, Missouri contributes something to most of the varied 
products from clay. 

Missouri’s production of Portland cement amounted to 4,114,859 
barrels, valued at $3,349,312, in 1911, against 4,455,589 barrels, 
valued at $3,858,088, in 1910. The cement plants are located near 
St. Louis and Kansas City and at Hannibal and Cape Girardeau, all 
but the one near Kansas City being along the Mississippi River in the 
eastern part of the State. 

The principal quarry product of Missouri is limestone, the value of 
this product in 1910 being $2,360,604 out of a total value for all stone 
of $2,520,665, and in 1911 $2,179,767 out of a total value of $2,338,585. 
Granite and sandstone are also produced in the State. The leading 
counties in the production of limestone are Jasper, Cape Girardeau, 
Greene, Jackson, Marion, St. Louis, and St. Louis City. 

The production of lime amounted to 158,368 short tons, valued at 
$722,563, in 1911, against 179,550 tons, valued at $846,123, in 1910. 

The less important mineral products of Missouri are barytes, 
copper, gems (occasionally), tripoli, mineral paints, mineral waters, 
natural gas, petroleum, iron ores, pyrite, sublimed lead, silver, sand, 
and gravel. 

The total value of the mineral products of Missouri in 1910 was 
$51,857,640 and in 1911 $52,636,348. 


CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


49 


The distribution of the mineral production of Missouri, by sub¬ 
stances, in 1910 and 1911 was as follows: 

Mineral production of Missouri %a 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Barytes, .short tons.. 
Briquets, fuel, .do_ 

22,978 

$75,598 



21,500 

$81,380 

1 


(a) 

4,455,589 

(“) 

$3,858,088 

7,087,766 

(6)(d) 

4,114,859 

(*)(<*) 

$3,349,312 

6,274,353 

Cement.barrels.. 





Clay products, short 
tons. 

287,445 

2,982,433 

b 509,433 
5,328,285 

227,691 
3,760,607 

6 512,088 
6,431,066 

Coal.short tons.. 



Copper.pounds.. 

94,452 

11,995 

640,411 

80,051 

25 

( c ) 

Gems' and precious 
stones. 





Gypsum short tons.. 








Iron ore.. .long tons.. 
Iron, pig.do_ 

78,341 

168,697 



72,788 

153,676 


b 55,536 
161,659 
179,550 

(d) 

(d) 

61,014,213 
14,225,992 
846,123 

(d) 

(d) 

6 66,665 
182,207 
158,368 

(d) 

(d) 

61,108,940 
16,398,630 
722,563 

(d) 

(d) 

T jpa d sh ort tons.. 





Dime .do_ 





Mineral paints, nat¬ 
ural pigments, 
short, tons. 





Zinc-lead pigments, 
short tons 





Mineral waters, gal¬ 
lons sold 

657,035 

96,488 
12,611 
(d) 

542,892 

86,747 
10,496 
(d) 

(d) 

1,042,674 

Natural ga.s 





Petroleum... barrels.. 
T’yrito inng tons 

(d) 



(d) 

(d) 

3,605,913 







Sand and gravel, 

short tons 

6,108,460 

1,339,519 





Silver, fine ounces 
ftrovl 

32,200 

17, 400 
1,794,743 
71,978 
15,190,416 
«1,006,019 

49,100 

26,500 
e2,338,585 
(d) 

14,539,560 

1,144,500 

V ✓. 


725,922 


(*) 

Tripoli 





'/Ano short, tons.. 



140,652 



127,540 

Mi^cal lan pons 


(O 


9, 795 

Total value, 
e 1 i minating 
duplications.. 





851,857,640 

52,636,348 


a No report for 1910. 

6 Value not included in total value. 

c Not mined, but calcined, in Missouri. Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 
d Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 
e Derived product includes raw product. 


MONTANA. 

Montana ranks eighth among the States in the value of its mineral 
production, the chief industry being the mining and smelting of 
copper ores. In the production of copper Montana holds second 
place, with Arizona first. Montana’s output of copper in 1911 was 
271,814,491 pounds, valued at $33,976,811 against 283,078,473 
pounds, valued at $35,950,966 in 1910. The total value of the min¬ 
eral products was $53,454,926 in 1911, and $54,388,119 in 1910, 
so that the value of the copper output approximates 70 per cent of the 
total. As is well known, the center of the copper mining industry of 
Montana is in and around the city of Butte, with less important 
camps scattered through the southwestern part of the State. The 
reduction works are at Butte, Anaconda, and Great Falls. A small 
quantity of copper was produced in Montana as early as 1868, but 
it was not until 1882, the first year for which the volume of Mineral 
















































































50 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


Resources was published, that the industry began to assume im¬ 
portance. In 1881 the production was less than 1,500,000 pounds. 
It rose to over 9,000,000 pounds in 1882. By 1887 it had reached 
78,699,677 pounds, and Montana outranked Michigan, holding the 
premiership, except in one year (1891) until superseded by Arizona 
m 1907, 20 years later. Once since then (in 1909) Montana again 
held first place. Montana’s total production of copper to the close 
of 1911 has amounted to 5,598,253,884 pounds, somewhat more than 
one-third the total production of the United States. Montana also 
ranks second in the production of silver, with Nevada in first place 
by a small majority—less than 1 per cent. Montana’s production 
of silver was 12,282,900 fine ounces, valued at $6,632,700, in 1910 
and 12,163,900 ounces, valued at $6,568,500, in 1911. Most of the 
silver is obtained in the refining of copper. 

The statistics of production in Montana in 1910 and 1911 are given 
in the following table: 


Mineral production of Montana in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Cement.barrels.. 



(a) 

(a) 

c$411,824 



(a) 

(a) 

c$260,547 

Clay products, short 
tons. 

7,011 

2,920,970 

b $10,069 
5,329,322 

4,912 

2,976,358 

6$9,617 
5,342,168 

Coal.do_ 



Coke.do_ 

(a)(6) 

283,078,473 

(a)(6) 

35,950,966 

57,923 

3,720,400 



Copper.pounds.. 





271,814,491 

33,976,811 

221,613 

3,649,700 

8 

224,910 

18,480 

Gems and precious 
stones. 





Gold, fine ounces 
(trov). 



179,975 



176,554 

Grindstones. 





Gypsum..short tons.. 
Lead.do_ 

(o) 



(a) 

157,520 

26,925 

(a) 




1,790 

4,480 


2,499 

3,100 

Lime.do_ 





Mineral waters, gal¬ 
lons sold. 

(a) 

(a) 

(a) 

(a) 

74,750 

5,143 

5,988 

2,461 

Sand and gravel, 
short tons. 





Sand-lime brick. 


(a) 

6.632,700 
d 452,755 
1,340,064 
419,135 



Silver, fine ounces 
(troy)... 



12,282,900 



12,163,900 

6,568,500 
d 212,233 
2,521,110 
450,405 

Stone. 


(d) 


(d) 

Zinc.short tons.. 


12,408 


22,115 

Miscellaneous. 


7,491 



Total value, 
e 1 i minating 
duplications.. 





\ 

$54,388,119 

$53,454,926 


a Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 
b Value not included in total value. 

c Exclusive of pottery which is included under “Miscellaneous.” 
d Derived product includes stone sold rough. 

The first record of coal production in Montana is for 1880, when 
an output of 224 short tons was reported. The production did not 
exceed 1,000,000 tons until 1895, since when it has steadily progressed 
and in 1911 reached the maximum of 2,976,358 tons, valued at 
$5,342,168. The principal operations have been in Carbon and 
Cascade counties, but recent developments in the Bull Mountain 
field in Fergus and Musselshell counties, following the completion 
of the Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget Sound Railway, are bringing 
those counties prominently to the front. 
































































CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


51 


In the production of gold (like silver, largely recovered from copper 
refining) Montana ranks seventh among the States with a production 
valued at $3,720,400 in 1910 and at $3,649,700 in 1911. Montana 
leads in the production of precious stones, this supremacy being due 
to the mining of sapphire, one of the few instances of gem mining 
conducted as an industry in the United States. 

In the production of spelter, Montana holds fifth place, with a 
production in 1910 of 12,408 short tons, valued at $1,340,064, and 
in 1911 of 22,115 tons, valued at $2,521,110. 

The other mineral products of Montana are arsenic, clay, lead, 
cement, grindstones, gypsum, lime, mineral waters, sand-lime brick, 
stone, sand, and gravel. 

NEBRASKA. 

Nebraska has been termed “the State without a mine,” but it has 
clay deposits that are utilized, sand and gravel pits, some stone quar¬ 
ries, and waters sold commercially. There are also deposits of vol¬ 
canic ash or pumice, and in the production of the last mentioned 
Nebraska ranks first among the States. The value of the clay prod¬ 
ucts in 1911 amounted to $795,894 out of a total $1,316,168, and in 
1910 to $938,827 out of a total $1,552,794. The principal clay 
product is common brick. The other clay products made are vitrified 
brick, front brick, drain tile, and fireproofing. These clay resources 
have their greatest development in Douglas, Adams, Lancaster, and 
Dodge counties. Stone quarries, all of which are of limestone, are 
located in Cass and Gage counties. Most of the product is crushed for 
the manufacture of concrete. The total value of the limestone in 1910 
was $338,731 and in 1911 $263,501. The production of sand and 
gravel amounted in 1910 to 1,076,602 short tons, valued at $168,255, 
and in 1911 to 858,288 tons, valued at $156,777. The sand produc¬ 
tion is used chiefly for building purposes. Although Nebraska ranks 
first in the production of pumice, the output may not be published 
separately, as there are less than three producers in the State. A 
small quantity of sand-lime brick is manufactured in Fremont County. 

The statistics of mineral production in Nebraska in 1910 and 1911 
are given in the following table: 


Mineral production of Nebraska in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Clay products 




$938,827 




$795,894 

Mineral waters, gal- 

12,785 
(«) 

1,076,602 

$1,529 

(a) 

168,255 


21,641 

(a) 

858,288 

$1,925 

(a) 

156,777 


Pumice, .short tons.. 
Sand and gravel. 









Sand-lime farfrir 


(®) 

288,184 
b 105,452 


(a) 

b 263,501 
b 98,071 



50,547 

( 6 ) 



8! 


Miscellaneou s 





Total value, es¬ 
timating du¬ 
plications.... 





$1,552,794 

$1,316,168 


a Value included under “Miscellaneous.” Derived product includes raw product. 





































52 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


• NEVADA. 

In the glory days of the famous Comstock lode and before the 
active days of Leadville, Cripple Creek, the Homestake, and other 
great western camps—before the days of the Yukon and Alaska— 
Nevada was relatively more important as a mining State than it is 
to-day. But although the glamor of the Comstock days has departed, 
the mining industry has by no means ceased to exist, and at the pres¬ 
ent time Nevada ranks sixteenth among the States in the value of its 
mineral production. It still ranks first in the production of silver, 
though reduced as compared with the annual output from 1873 to 
1878, when the Comstock lode, the greatest silver-producing deposit 
the world has known, was yielding from 10,000,000 to 17,000,000 
ounces of silver a year. In addition to being now, as then, the 
premier silver-producing State, Nevada holds third place in rank as 
a producer of gold, the yellow metal coming mainly from the Goldfield 
district, in Esmeralda County, first productive in 1903; the Tonopah 
district, in Nye County, first productive in 1902; and the new National 
district, in Humboldt County. The gold production of Nevada in 
1910 amounted to $18,873,700, and in 1911 to $18,096,900. By far 
the larger part of the production came from siliceous ores. The value 
of the silver production is approximately one-third that of gold, 
amounting to 12,366,000 fine ounces, valued at $6,677,600 in 1910, 
and to 13,185,900 ounces, valued at $7,120,400, in 1911. Of the total 
production the Tonopah district in Nye County contributes about 90 
per cent, mainly from siliceous ores. Mineral County ranks second, 
Storey County, the home of the Comstock, third, and Humboldt 
County fourth. The production from the Comstock was 320,716 fine 
ounces in 1910 and 618,000 ounces in 1911. The largest output from 
the Comstock was in 1876, when over 17,000,000 ounces were produced. 
This famous district was opened in 1860, ran a spectacular course for 
20 years, and then began to decline. As shown above, it is now of 
little importance. 

Although copper mining on an important scale did not begin in 
Nevada until 1908, the State now ranks fifth in the production of this 
metal. The Ely district in White Pine County is the only producer 
of any importance. In 1907, before the district was thoroughly 
developed, the copper production of the State was less than 2,000,000 
pounds. In 1908 it was nearly 12,250,000 pounds; in 1909 it was 
nearly 54,000,000 pounds; in 1910 it was over 64,000,000 pounds,and 
in 1911 it was 65,561,015 pounds. In 1910 the total value of the 
mineral production of Nevada was $34,617,127, of which gold, silver, 
and cooper made up $33,742,119; in 1911 the total production 
was valued at $34,148,101, of which the three metals constituted 
$33,412,427. The other mineral products of the State, none of which 
is of much importance compared with the three chief metals, are clay 
products, coal, precious stones, graphite, gypsum, infusorial earth, 
lime, lead, mineral waters, quicksilver, salt, sand, gravel, stone, sul¬ 
phur, and zinc. 

The following table shows the quantity and value of the mineral 
products of Nevada in 1910 and 1911: 


CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


53 


Mineral production of Nevada in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

i 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Clay products. 




(a) 




(a) 

Coal.short tons.. 




(o) 

(a) 


Copper.pounds.. 



64.494.640 S3.190.819 

65.561.015 $8.195.127 

Gems and precious 
stones. 




49,210 

18,873,700 




6,295 

18,096,900 

Gold, fine ounces 
(troy). 



913,015 



875,438 

Graphite, amor¬ 
phous. .short tons.. 
Gypsum do 

(a) 

(a) 

(a) 

(a) 

(a) 

(a) 


(») 


8 

97,470 

(a) 

Tnfnsorial earth 





Read. short, tons. 



2,195 

193,10. 



1,083 

(a) 

Tame do. . 





Mineral waters, gal¬ 
lons sold 

(a) 

(a) 



( 0 ) 

( 0 ) 

Quicksilver flasks 

70 

17,535 

3,20. 

10,600 

(a) 

10,250 

(a) 

14,547 

Salt. . ..barrels.. 



2,6CC 

223,510 

$2,405 

33,591 

Sand and gravel, 
,shorf. tons 



Silver, fine ounces 

( trovt 



12,366,000 

6,677,600 

(a) 

13,185,900 

7,120,400 

(a) 

\ UAU J ) . 

Stone 





Sulphur...long tons.. 
Tungsten ore (60 per 
cent concentrates), 

short tons 

(a) 

(a) 









(a) 

1,595 

(a) 

181,830 

378,482 

7Ann do 



1,516 

163,728 
442,904 



Mi'^Pflfmenps 


$12,150 


10,527 

Total value, 
eliminating 
duplications.. 



J 


* 

$34,617,127 

$34,148,101 


a Value included under “ Miscellaneous.” 


NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

The principal mineral product of New Hampshire is granite, the 
value of which ($1,239,656 in 1910 and $1,017,272 in 1911) repre¬ 
sents more than one-half the total value of all the mineral production 
of the State. The principal quarrying operations are in Carroll, 
Cheshire, Hillsboro, and Merrimack counties. The granite is used 
chiefly for building purposes and for monumental work. 

The manufacture of common brick is the only use made of the clay 
resources of the State. This industry, which contributes 25 per cent 
of the total value of mineral products, is located chiefly in Strafford, 
Rockingham, and Merrimack counties. Ten per cent of the total 
value is derived from the sale of mineral waters. 

The less important mineral products are copper, fluorspar, garnet, 
gems (occasionally), gold, mica, silver, and scythestones. 

63564°—12-4 



































































54 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


The following table shows the mineral production of New Hamp¬ 
shire in 1910 and 1911: 


Mineral production of New Hampshire in 1910 and 1911. 


Product 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Clay products. 




a$566,121 
1,576 




a$430,748 

Cnppp.r_ pounds.. 



12,409 




Fluorspar.short tons. 



Si 

( b ) 

( b ) 



Oamfit,.do_ 

(») 

(>) 





Gems and precious 
stones. 




20 

Gold, fine ounces 
(trov)_ 



( b ) 

Si 




, ' . 

Mica_ 






44,927 

Mineral waters, gal¬ 
lons sold. 

706,828 

$202,831 


406,660 

$139,130 


Scythestones. 


( b ) 

( b ) 

1,059,672 
c 132,669 


(*>) 

Silver, fine ounces 
(troy).... 



( b ) 




Stone. 


179,984 

( c ) 


(<0 

24,708 


cl, 017,272 
70,840 

Miscellaneous. 





Total value, 
eliminating 
duplications.. 





$2,142,853 

$1,727,645 


« Exclusive of pottery, which is included under “Miscellaneous.” 
b Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 
c Derived product includes raw product. 


NEW JERSEY. 

New Jersey is the only State of any importance as a mineral pro¬ 
ducer in which the utilization of the clay resources constitutes the 
chief industry and in which the value of the clay products represents 
over 50 per cent of the total output of the State. The clay products 
of New Jersey include every variety of brick and tile, except vitri¬ 
fied brick, and every variety of pottery produced in the United 
States. The total value of the clay products in 1910 was $17,834,309, 
of which $9,245,854 represented the value of brick and tile and 
$8,588,455 the value of pottery. In 1911 the brick and tile products 
were valued at $9,776,287 and pottery at $8,401,941, the total value 
being $18,178,228. In the total value of its clay products New Jer¬ 
sey ranks third among the States, being exceeded by Ohio and Penn¬ 
sylvania. In the value of the pottery produced New Jersey holds 
second place, Ohio being first. The principal brick and tile products 
are common brick, architectural terra cotta, fireproofing, tile (not 
drain), fire brick, and front brick, and the leading producing counties 
are Mercer, Middlesex, Bergen, and Camden. The chief center of the 
pottery industry is at Trenton. Second to clay working is the manu¬ 
facture of Portland cement, the plants in the vicinity of Phillipsburg 
being the eastern end of the celebrated Lehigh district of Pennsyl- 
nia. The production of cement in 1911 amounted to 4,411,890 
barrels, valued at $3,259,528, against 4,184,698 barrels, valued at 
$3,067,265, in 1910. 














































CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911 . 55 

New Jersey ranks third among the States in the production of 
spelter and is the most important among the Eastern States. The 
zinc-producing region is the famous Franklin Furnace district in Sus¬ 
sex County, the most northerly county in the State. Mining has been 
carried on in this region continuously for over 60 years. The pro¬ 
duction of spelter in New Jersey was 20,217 short tons, valued at 
$2,183,436, in 1910, and 15,128 tons valued at $1,724,592, in 1911. 

The principal quarry product of New Jersey is trap rock, produced 
in the Palisades region (Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Hunterdon, Morris, 
Somerset, and Union counties) and used chiefly for road making and 
railroad ballast. The total value of all stone quarried in New Jersey 
in 1910 was $1,675,174, of which $1,257,712 was the value of the 
trap rock produced. The total value of all stone produced in 1911 
was $1,597,410, of which $1,136,385 was represented by trap rock. 
Limestone to the value of $224,707 in 1910 and of $138,148 in 1911 
was quarried in Hunterdon, Sussex, and Warren counties. Sand¬ 
stone is produced in Bergen, Hunterdon, and Mercer counties. 

New Jersey is one of the leading producers of molding sand, the 
output in 1910 amounting to 679,191 short tons, valued at $436,460, 
and in 1911 to 715,654 short tons, valued at $392,840. The total 
value of all sand and gravel produced in 1910 was $1,139,275 and in 
1911, $1,058,926. Other products of the State are pig iron, iron ore, 
occasional gems, lime, mineral waters, sand-lime brick, slate, slate 
pigments, soapstone, and zinc oxide. 

The total value of the mineral products of New Jersey in 1910 
was $28,266,383 and in 1911, $27,559,246, distributed as follows: 


Mineral production of New Jersey in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Briquets, fuel, short 
tons 



(a) 

4,184,698 

(“) 

$3,067,265 

17,834,309 
(») ( c ) 

500 



(*>) (9 
4,411,890 

(*) ( c ) 
$3,259,528 

18,178,228 
( b ) ( c ) 

350 

f’.PTnent- barrels.. 





Clay products, short 
tons 

405,591 

6 $657,805 

405,912 

6$658,875 

Coke short, tons 

(0) ( c ) 

(&) ( c ) 

Gems and precious 
stones 





Iron ore...long tons.. 

Tron vntr Ho 

521,832 

1,582,213 


359,721 

1,158,271 


239,221 

34,148 

( c ) 

63,797,656 

128,964 

(9 

6 41,835 
27,057 

( c ) 

6 583,300 
113,784 

(0 

T/ime short, tons 





Mineral paints, zinc- 
lead pigments, short 

. 




Mineral waters, gal- 

Irm c cnlfl 

1,583,050 

2,962,815 

133,139 

1,139,275 

2,233,627 

3,352,765 

210,123 

1,058,926 

iUllo ouia------. 

Sand and gravel 

chnrt trmQ 





ficmH.limp hriek 


23,811 

( c ) 

1,404,701 

( c ) 

2,183,436 
1,158,004 


17,710 

( c ) 

dl, 597,410 

1,724,592 

925,056 








ftfonp 


270,473 



(d) 


Talc short, tons 


(9 

20,217 


( c ) 

15,128 

7.ine *Hft 





icnnllqriPnnQ 





Total value, 
e 1 i minating 
duplications . 







$28,266,383 

$27,559,246 


c Value included in "Miscellaneous.” 
d Derived product includes stone sold rough. 


a No report for 1910. 

6 Value not included in total value. 
































































56 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


NEW MEXICO. 

Two States included in the Rocky Mountain division lay more 
claim to recognition as mining States by reason of their production 
of coal than by their output of precious or semiprecious metals. 
One of the States is Wyoming, the other is the new State of New 
Mexico. The latter is not of much prominence as a mining State 
at the present time, the main support of the population being cattle 
raising and other forms of agriculture, New Mexico ranking eighth 
among the Rocky Mountain States in the value of its mineral output. 
In 1910 the total value of all the mineral produced in New Mexico 
was $7,902,036, of which the coal production represented $4,877,151, 
or 62 per cent; hi 1911 the total value was $7,869,918 of which 
the coal mines contributed $4,525,925, or 58 per cent. The principal 
coal-mining operations are in the Raton-Trmidad district of Colfax 
County, and in the Gallup district of McKinley County (formerly 
a part of Bernalillo County). These two districts produce'over 90 
per cent of the coal output of the State. The Raton district pro¬ 
duces a good grade of coking coal and extensive coking operations 
are carried on at Dawson, which may truthfully be described as a 
model coal mining camp both in the town itself and in the up-to- 
date character of the mining methods employed. 

As already indicated, New Mexico makes little pretension to im¬ 
portance as a metal-mining State. One of the leading metal prod¬ 
ucts is copper, valued in 1910 at $480,645 and in 1911 at $357,550. 
The principal production is from the Central and Lordsburg districts 
in Grant County. The gold production, most of which is from 
siliceous ores mined at Mogollon in Socorro County, was valued at 
$477,200 in 1910 and at $761,600 in 1911. The Mogollon district 
is also the chief producer of silver, of which the total production of 
the State was valued at $420,600 in 1910 and at $724,300 in 1911. 
The zinc production in the last two years exceeded the value of 
the copper output. The zinc-producing counties are Grant, Socorro, 
and Santa Fe, all of the product of Santa Fe County and part of 
that from Socorro County being from lead-zinc ores. The zinc 
product of the State was valued at $530,388 in 1910 and at $430,692 
in 1911. The quarry products rank along with the several metals, 
the value of the stone produced in the last two years being $443,650 
for 1910 and $406,454 for 1911. Limestone from Guadalupe, San 
Miguel, and Santa Fe counties constitutes 99 per cent of the stone 
production. It is used chiefly for railroad ballast. The other 
mineral products of the State are coke, fluorspar, gypsum, iron ore, 
lead, lime, mica, mineral waters, salt, vanadium minerals, turquoise 
and other gem materials, clay products, sand and gravel. 

The following table shows the quantity and value of the mineral 
products of New Mexico in 1910 and 1911: 


CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


57 


Mineral production of New Mexico in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Clay products, 
short tons. 

14,235 

3,508,321 

a $30,727 
4,877,151 


b $129,275 

8,514 
3,148,158 

o $12,800 
4,525,925 


b $174,651 

Coal.short tons.. 



Coke.do_ 

401,646 

3,784,609 

al, 306,136 
480,645 

381,927 

2,860,400 

ai,240,963 
357,550 

Copper.pounds. 

Fluorspar.short tons. 
Gems and precious 
stones. 





(<9 

(«) 

(<9 

(<9 


16,800 

477,200 

(<9 


26,655 

761,700 
( c ) 

Gold. 



23,085 



36,847 

fine ounces (troy).. 

Gypsum.short tons.. 
Iron ore.. long tons.. 
Lead.short tons.. 

( c ) 

188,720 


( c ) 

145,195 


189,112 


146,401 


1,731 
4,445 

152,328 

17,930 

(<9 

1,381 

1,945 

124,290 

13,004 

(<9 

Lime.do_ 





Mica. 





Mineral waters, 
gallons sold. 

171,600 

30,160 


226,333 

41,833 


Salt.barrels.. 

(<9 

(<9 

(‘) 

(<9 

Sand and gravel, 
short tons. 

4,310 

2,043 

267,615 

18,774 

Silver. 

779,000 

420,600 
d 443,650 

1,341,400 

724,300 
d 406,454 

(<9 

430,6929 
d117 68 

fine ounces (troy).. 

Stone. 


(d) 


(d) 

Vanadium, short 
tons.:. 




(<9 

3,778 

Zinc.short tons.. 



4,911 

530,388 
d 134,754 



Miscellaneous. 


(<*) 


(d) 

Total value, 
eliminating 
duplications.. 





87,902,036 

$7,869,918 


a Value not included in total value. 

b Exclusive of pottery, which is included under “ Miscellaneous. ” 
c Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 
d Derived product includes raw product. 

NEW YORK. 

New York, first in the number of its inhabitants and first in the 
value of its manufactures, ranks thirteenth among the States in the 
value of its mineral output. It produces no coal and none of the 
precious and semiprecious metals. Its fuel production consists of 
petroleum and natural gas, valued approximately at $1,500,000 each. 
Only a small part of the latter is used for fuel in industrial enterprises. 
Practically all of the coal consumed in the State of New York is 
drawn from the anthracite and bituminous mines of Pennsylvania, 
which are within close proximity. Although New York is without 
any production of coal or metals (except iron) and ranks as low as 
thirteenth among the States, it is the premier producer of eight mineral 
products. The mineral substances m which New York ranks first in 
production are emery, abrasive garnet, graphite, gypsum, millstones, 
salt, fibrous talc, and natural cement. It is second in the production 
of mineral waters, sand and gravel, stone, and iron pyrite; third in 
the production of sand-lime brick; fourth in the production of iron 
ore, pig iron, feldspar, and infusorial earth. With pig iron as the 
basis of production, the total value of the mineral products of New 
York in 11)10 was $73,799,494, of which pig iron constituted 
$31,693,623, and in 1911 the total value of the mineral products was 
$63,357,365, of which the value of the pig iron was $23,924,194, from 
which it appears that the value of the pig iron is from 40 to 45 per 






































































58 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


cent of the total production. If the value of the pig-iron be deducted 
and that of the iron-ore production added, the total value of the 
mineral production of New York in 1910 was $45,954,554, and in 
1911, $42,392,180. Of these the clay-working industries furnish the 
larger proportion, or about 25 per cent. The principal clay product 
is common brick, manufactured in the Hudson River region, embrac¬ 
ing the counties of Albany, Columbia, Dutchess, Greene, Orange, 
Rensselaer, Rockland, Ulster, and Westchester, the largest brick- 
producing region in the world. New York contributes to all of the 
other brick and tile products, most important of which, next to com¬ 
mon brick, is architectural terra cotta. The brick and tile products 
of the State were valued at $9,778,288 in 1910, and at $8,006,012 in 
1911. The pottery products consist principally of porcelain elec¬ 
trical supplies and of delft and belleek ware. The total value of the 
pottery products in 1910 was $2,093,661, and in 1911 it was $2,178,364. 
The total value of the clay production in 1911 was $10,184,376, 
against $11,871,949 in 1910. 

Next to the clay products those of the quarries represent the largest 
value of New York’s total mineral production, and the utilization of 
these resources, which is chiefly for the building of permanent struct¬ 
ures, is of sociological interest in that it bears witness to the develop¬ 
ment of desirable citizenship. The stone quarries of New York pro¬ 
duced in 1910 stone valued at $6,410,688, and in 1911 at $6,895,466. 
The principal stone quarried is limestone, produced in Albany, 
Cayuga, Dutchess, Erie, Genesee, Madison, Montgomery, Niagara, 
Onondaga, Rockland, St. Lawrence, and Schoharie counties; sand¬ 
stone is produced in Orleans, Broome, Ulster, Chenango, Delaware, 
and Wyoming counties; and trap rock is produced in Rockland 
County. Marble and granite are of less commercial importance. 
The iron-ore production of New York amounted in 1910 to 1,287,209 
long tons, valued at $3,848,683, and in 1911 to 1,057,984 tons, valued 
at $2,959,009. The principal ore produced is magnetite from the 
vicinity of Port Henry on Lake Champlain. The cement production 
of New York in 1910 amounted to 3,296,350 barrels oi Portland 
cement, valued at $2,906,551, and of 304,598 barrels of natural cement, 
valued at $150,952; in 1911 the production consisted of 3,314,217 
barrels of Portland cement, valued at $2,669,194, and the combined 
production of natural cement in New York and Pennsylvania was 
429,832 barrels, valued at $178,937. The manufacture of natural 
cement, which at one time was an important industry in New York, 
has been almost entirely displaced by Portland cement, of which a 
more uniform product can be made than is possible in the manu¬ 
facture of natural cement. The location of the former important 
natural-cement industry was in the vicinity of Rockdale, and by far 
the larger portion of the natural cement produced in the United States 
was from this district. In 1882 the production of natural cement 
from Rockdale was 3,165,000 barrels. From 1891 to 1900 the aver¬ 
age annual production was approximately 8,000,000 barrels. In 
1903 the decline began and fell oft* rapidly, until in 1911, when the 
total production of natural cement in the United States was less than 
1,000,000 barrels. 

The gypsum products of the State in 1910 were valued at $1,153,977 
and in 1911 at $1,199,596. This is one of the eight industries m which 
New York ranks first. The quantity of gypsum mined was 467,339 


CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911, 


59 


short tons in 1910 and 472,834 tons in 1911. The values as given 
above are for the production in the condition when first sold, whether 
the material was marketed crude, ground for land plaster, or calcined 
into plaster of Paris. When calcined the value of the calcined 
product is considered. The principal counties in the production of 
gypsum are Erie, Genesee, Monroe, and Onondaga. New York also 
leads in the production of salt, most of which is obtained from evapora¬ 
tion of brine in Onondaga, Livingston, Genesee, and Wyoming counties. 
The production in Onondaga County is obtained largely by solar 
evaporation from brines taken from the State reservation. The 
production in the other districts, of which Warsaw, in Wyoming 
County, is the most important, is obtained by artificial evaporation. 

The following table shows the quantity and value of the mineral 
products of New York in 1910 and 1911: 

Mineral production of New York in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quan¬ 

tity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Abrasives, artificial, 
pounds 



(«)(<*) 

647,734,000 

(<0 

3,600,948 

(°)(d) 
6$8,955,700 

(9 

3,057,503 

11,871,949 
0 2,635,873 



(«) (9 

646,125,000 

22; 350 
3,601,789 

(a) (d) 
6$8,084,000 

ol23,925 

2,812,440 

10,184,376 

o2,883,990 

Aluminum pounds 





Briquets, fuel, short 
tons 





fVm pn f barrels 





Clay products, short 
tons 

5,880 

a $13,241 

4,882 

o$10,308 

P.npp short tons 

652,459 

686,172 

Trim pry do 

(d) 

12,412 

(d) 

47,864 

(d) 

18,800 

(d) 

79,926 

TTplH^rmr do 





Ferro-alloys, long 
tons 

(0 

(0 

(a) (d) 

(a) (d) 

Garnet, abrasive, 

qhnrt tnnQ 

(d) 

2,605,000 

w 

158,500 

(d) 

2,480,000 

(d) 

136,750 

OllUl t tuiio - ......... 

Graphite, crystalline, 

pniin He 





Graphite, artificial, 
'nmmris 

13,149,100 

o945,000 
1,153,977 
(d) 

10,144,000 

o644,000 
1,199,596 
(d) 

Gypsum .short tons.. 
Tnfnonrifl.1 P9rfh 

467,339 


472,834 






Iron ore.. .long tons.. 

Trrm ni? Hft 

1,287,209 

3,848,683 


1,057,984 

2,959,009 


1,895,018 

146,474 

031,693,623 
620,564 
13,753 

93,416 

1,537,201 

119,707 

023,924,194 

524,845 

13,335 

66,406 

Tiimp short. tons 





M ill ctnii pc 





Mineral paints, nat¬ 
ural pigments, 

chnrf tnric 



17,721 



12,303 

Mineral waters, gal- 

Iauc caiH 

8,780,903 

858,635 

1,678,720 

1,414,668 

(d) 

(d) 

(d) 

2,305,123 

10,245,261 

939,003 

1,418,767 

1,248,950 

rd) 

( d ) 

(d) 

2,414,452 

\FoInt*Cll nroo 





Petroleum.. .barrels.. 

Pirrifn 1 AAff tATlQ 

1,053,838 

(d) 

(d) 

(d) 

7,129,096 



952,515 

(d) 

(d) 

W 

7,537,578 







1 yTlie.lUllg lUiJLb.. 

Quartz.. .short tons.. 

Salt.barrels.. 

Sand and gravel, short 





(d) 

(d) 

( d ) 

(d) 

tons.. . 

QoriH.li tyip hriclr 


89,150 
84,822 
5,371,118 

728,180 

2,921,471 


95,930 
120,359 
/6,895,466 

613,286 

3,710,535 

Qlqfp 







Q ton p 


1,039,570 



(/) 


Talc, fibrous, short 

+AT1C 


71,710 


62,030 

UTlOAol loTIPAIIC 


1,187,468 


1,208,189 

Total value, 
eliminat i n g 
duplications.. 





$45,954,554 

$42,392,180 


a Value not included in total value. 
6 Consumption, 
c No report for 1910. 


d Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 
e Not collected for 1910. 

/Derived product includes stone sold rough. 




































































































60 


MINERAL RESOURCES, 


The production of fibrous talc is practically a monopoly in New 
York. It is used in the manufacture of medium grades of paper, and 
is produced almost entirely at Gouverneur, in St. Lawrence County. 
Coke is made in by-product ovens at Tonawanda and at Syracuse from 
coal brought from Pennsylvania. The production of coke in 1911 was 
686,172 short tons, valued at $2,883,99 V against 652,459 tons, valued 
at $2,635,873, in 1910. The production of aluminum, obtained by 
electric smelting at Niagara Falls, is one of the industries in which 
New York leads, but the statistics of production may not be published 
without divulging confidential information. 

In addition to the substances discussed above New York produces 
feldspar, emery abrasive garnet, graphite, lime, metallic paints and 
other pigments, millstones, sand-lime brick, slate, infusorial earth, 
pyrite, quartz, and sand and gravel. 

NORTH CAROLINA. 

North Carolina leads in the production of mica and of monazite, 
and is second in the production of barytes. The principal industry, 
however, based upon the value of the products obtained, is clay 
working. The output of the kilns make approximately 50 per cent 
of the State’s total production. The clay products are principally 
common brick, with small quantities of front brick, drain tile, etc. 
The pottery products are red, earthen, stone, yellow, and Rocking¬ 
ham ware. Second in importance among the mineral products in 
North Carolina is building stone, composed almost entirely of granite 
produced in Buncombe, Mecklenburg, Rockingham, Rowan, Surry, 
Vance, and Warren counties, with small amounts of sandstone, 
marble, and limestone. The total value of the stone produced in 
North Carolina in 1910 was $879,572, and in 1911 it was $826,928. 

The production of mica, in which the State holds the premiership, 
was valued at $230,460 in 1910 and in 1911 at $217,299. The mica 
is a white muscovite, highly prized for its transparency, and used 
in the manufacture of gas-lamp chimneys and lamp shades, and in 
the stove trade. Other products of the State are barytes, gold, 
copper, iron ore, lime, millstones, abrasive garnet, precious stones, 
mineral waters, graphite, sand-lime brick, sand and gravel, silver, 
talc, and soapstone. A small quantity of tin ore has been mined in 
the State. Some of the talc produced in North Carolina is the highest 
grade found in the United States, and is used for complexion powder. 

The following table shows the quantity and value of the mineral 
products of North Carolina in 1910 and 1911: 


CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


61 


Mineral 'production of North Carolina in 1910 and 1911. 



1910 

1911 

Product. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 


Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Barytes. .short tons.. 

09 

09 

09 00 



09 

14,903 

09 

b $130,610 

09 



Clay products..do_ 

09 09 


$1,223,664 


$1,280,126 

Coal.do.... 


09 


Copper.pounds.. 



181,263 

23,021 

13,699 

1,712 

Feldspar.short tons.. 



09 

09 

Garnet, abrasive, 







short tons. 

09 

09 



09 

09 



Gems and precious 





stones. 




710 




10,735 

Gold, fine ounces 







(troy). 



3,120 

64,500 



3,478 

71,900 

Graphite, amorphous, 





short tons. 





09 

84,782 

09 

148,369 



Iron ore... long tons.. 

65,278 

$114,237 





Lime.short tons.. 

9,952 

40,455 
230,460 

7,809 

33,543 
217,299 

09 

Mica. 





Millstones. 




(a) 




Mineral waters, gal¬ 







lons sold.. 

143,007 

21,389 



231,510 

31,108 



Monazite and zircon, 


* 



pounds. 

(°) 

(a) 



09 

09 



Sand and gravel, 





short tons. 

62,935 

13,406 



251,977 

93,336 



Sand-lime brick. 


( a ) 



Silver, fine ounces 
(troy). 










8,300 

4,500 
c 879,572 



1,000 

500 

Stone.. 


(<9 


(9 

c 826,928 

Talc and soapstone, 





short tons. 

(9 

(9 

09 

(a) 

(9 

(9 

-09 

09 

Tin (concentrates), 

short tons. 



1 

700 





Miscellaneous. 


148,408 


84,836 


17,725 


63,874 






Total value, 
e 1 i minating 









d u plications. 


$2,730,818 



$2,797,155 



a Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 
b Value not included in total value. 


c Derived product includes raw product. 


NORTH DAKOTA. 

The principal mineral product of North Dakota, which belongs to 
the Great Plains region, is lignite. It has been found to make an 
excellent fuel for burning brick, and the development of these two 
industries will probably coincide. The area underlain by lignite in 
North Dakota is larger than the coal area of any other State, with 
the exception of Montana. The lignite production of North Dakota 
in 1910 was 399,041 short tons, valued at $595,139, and in 1911 it 
was 502,628 tons, valued at $720,489. The brick made was valued at 
$227,455 in 1910 and at $210,616 in 1911. A small production of 
natural gas is made in the State. Some mineral waters are sold, and 
there is a small output of sand and gravel, and sand-lime brick. 









































































62 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


The following table shows the quantity and value of the mineral 
products of North Dakota in 1910 and 1911: 


Mineral production of North Dakota in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Clay products, short 
tons. 

(«)(*) 

399,041 

69 

696) 

$595,139 

6) 

7,010 

11,222 


$227,455 

(a)(6) 

502,628 

6) 

(a)(6) 
$720,489 

69 

5,738 

15,795 


$210,616 

P.oal short tons 



Mineral waters, gal¬ 
lons sold 





"NT at,nrn! gas 





Sand and gravel, 
short tons 

15,886 



23,160 



Sand-lime brick. 


6) 

c 19,972 


6) 

c5,607 

Miscellaneous 


(9 



(9 


Total value, 
e 1 i minating 
duplications. 





$86f),233 

$957,425 


a Value not included under total value. 

6 Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 
c Derived product includes raw product. 


OHIO. 

Ohio is the premier State in the manufacture of clay products and 
in the manufacture of grindstones and pulpstones. It is second in 
the production of pig iron and lime; third in the value of its output 
of natural gas, salt, sand and gravel, gypsum, and oilstones; fourth 
in the production of coal and stone. Ohio is second among the 
States in the manufacture of pig iron, and although the total value 
of the pig-iron production approaches the combined value of all the 
other mineral products of the State, Ohio has no standing as a pro¬ 
ducer of iron ore. The ore used in the blast furnaces of Ohio is 
brought from Lake Superior. Exclusive of pig iron in 1910, the value 
of Ohio’s mineral production was$100,004,982, andin 1911 $97,090,284. 
If pig iron were used as the basis of production Ohio would rank 
second, next to Pennsylvania, as a mineral-producing State. The 
production of pig iron eliminated, Ohio falls to fourth place, and West 
Virginia advances from fourth to third. 

Of the products mined in Ohio, coal and clay are rivals for first 
place in the value of production. In 1909 the value of the clay 
production exceeded that of the coal; in 1910 coal held first place; 
and in 1911 the clay production again exceeded the value of coal. 
The production of coal in 1910 amounted to 34,209,668 short tons, 
valued at $35,932,288, decreasing to 30,759,986 short tons, valued 
at $31,810,123, in 1911. The value of the clay production on the 
other hand increased from. $31,525,948 in 1910 to $32,663,895 in 
1911. All of the coal production in Ohio is of bituminous variety, 
though some of it, like the block coal of Indiana, is^ usable raw in 
blast furnaces. When so used it is generally mixed with coke. The 
principal coal-producing counties are, in the order of their impor¬ 
tance, Belmont, Athens, Jefferson, Guernsey, Perry, and Hocking, but 





































CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


63 


all of the counties on the east of Erie on the north and of Portsmouth 
on the south, with the exception of Ashtabula and Lake counties, are 
producers of coal. In 1882, at the beginning of this series of reports, 
Ohio’s production of coal amounted to 9,450,000 tons. Its maximum 
of production was 34,209,668 short tons, which was reached in 1910. 

Of the clay products, brick and tile represent about 60 per cent of 
the total value, and pottery about 40 per cent. In 1910, the brick 
and tile production of Ohio was valued at $17,231,236 and in 1911 
at $17,888,630. The pottery products were worth $14,294,704 in 
1910 and $14,775,265 in 1911. Sewer pipe represents the largest 
value in the products, with vitrified paving brick, second; common 
brick, third; tile (other than drain), fourth; drain tile, fifth; and 
fire brick, sixth. The principal producing counties are Muskingum, 
Summit, Stark, Jefferson, Cuyahoga, Tuscarawas, Perry, Scioto, 
Carroll and Athens. The pottery industry of Ohio is made up largely 
of the manufacture of high-grade pottery ware, most of the plants 
being along Ohio River, chiefly at Rookwood, near Cincinnati. 
Over 70 per cent of the total production of pottery in Ohio is white 
ware and other varieties of porcelain. Porcelain electrical supplies 
constitute important products. 

The production of petroleum in Ohio in 1910 was 9,916,370 barrels, 
valued at $10,651,568; in 1911 it was 8,817,112 barrels, valued at 
$9,479,542. The production of natural gas was valued at $8,626,954 
in 1910 and at $9,367,347 in 1911. The combined value of the 
fuels produced—that is, of coal, petroleum, and natural gas—was 
$55,210,810 in 1910 and $50,657,012 in 1911, which represents about 
55 per cent of the production of the State, exclusive of pig iron. 
The principal petroleum-producing counties are Allen, Belmont, 
Carroll, Fairfield, Hancock, Harrison, Jefferson, Lucas, Monroe, 
Morgan, Noble, Perry, Sandusky, Seneca, Van Wert, Washington, 
and Wood; and the principal counties producing natural gas are 
Licking, Hocking, Knox, Ashland, and Fairfield. 

The principal quarry production of Ohio is limestone, of which 
there is large quantity and great variety in this State. The use 
of this limestone is principally for road making, railroad ballast, 
and manufacture of concrete, and for iron flux. The principal pro¬ 
ducing counties are Allen, Erie, Franklin, Hamilton, Hardin, Lucas, 
Marion, Miami, Ottawa, Sandusky, Seneca, and Wood. The produc¬ 
tion of sandstone is equal to about one-third of that of the limestone. 
This is largely from the Berea sandstone which also produces the 
grindstones and pulpstones,in the production of which this State leads. 
The total value of stone produced in Ohio in 1910 was $5,759,563 
and in 1911 it was $5,796,829. In the production of molding sand 
Ohio ranks first. This product constitutes about 25 per cent of the 
total sand and gravel production. All kinds of sands are produced 
in *the State, the largest value being expressed by building sand. 
Gravel, used principally for railroad ballast, constitutes about 25 
per cent of the sand and gravel used. The production of sand and 
gravel was valued in 1910 at $2,065,224 and in 1911 at $2,104,776. 
Other important mineral products of the State are lime, cement, salt, 
grindstones,’ pulpstones, coke (made from West Virginia coal), and 
gypsum. Less important products are bromine, calcium chloride, 
mineral waters, pyrite (as a by-product of coal mining), mineral 
paint, oilstones, and sand-lime-brick. 


64 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


The following table shows the quantity and value of the mineral 
products of Ohio in 1910 and 1911: 

Mineral production of Ohio in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Bromine, .pounds.. 



(a) 

(a) 

1,592,073 

(a) 

(a) 

$1,332,986 

31,525,948 



116,872 

(a) 

1,488,074 

$17,737 

(a) 

1,248,109 

32,663,895 

Calcium chloride, 
short tons. 





Cement.. .barrels.. 





Clay products, 
short tons. 

325,308 

34,209,668 

6$228,255 
35,932,288 

285,735 
30,759,986 

6$206,668 
31,810,123 

Coal_short tons.. 

Coke.do_ 



282,315 

(a) (b) 

6 911,987 

(a) (6) 

699,033 

(a) 

311,382 

(a) (6) 

6 961,904 

(a) (6) 

742,107 
(a) 

Ferro-alloys, long 
tons. 

• 




Grindstones and 
pulp stones. 





Gypsum, short tons 
Iron ore.long tons.. 
iron, pig.do_ 

(o) 

22,320 



(a) 

16,697 



35,866 


30,549 


5,584,279 

415,285 

(a) 

685,385,254 

1,647,335 

(a) 

5,371,378 

405,562 

673,484,592 

1,607,524 

Lime...short tons.. 





Mineral paints, 
natural pigments, 
short tons. 





Mineral waters, gal¬ 
lons sold. 

2,226,188 

95,989 
8,626,954 

1,958,547 

86,478 

9,367,347 



Natural gas. 





Oilstones and 
scythestones. 



(a) 



(a) 

Petroleum,barrels.. 
Pyrite. .long tons.. 
Salt.barrels.. 

9,916,370 

3,766 

10,651,568 

12,831 


8,817,112 

6,471 

9,479,542 

18,017 






3,673,850 

951,963 

4,302,507 

1,100,453 

Sand and gravel, 
short tons. 

5,106,514 

2,065,224 

5,281,637 

2,104,776 

Sand-lime brick_ 


(a) 

3,709,483 

(d) 

1,155,398 


(a) 

c 5,796,829 

O) 

1,338,348 

Stone. 


2,050,080 



(<0 


Sulphuric acid (60° 
Baum6),d short 
tons. 




(d) 

Miscellaneous..• 






Total value, 
eliminating 
d u p 1 i c a- 
tions. 







$100,004,982 

$97,090,284 



a Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 

6 Value not included in total value, 
c Derived product includes stone sold rough. 

d From zinc smelters. No report for 1910. Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 


OKLAHOMA. 

wSince 1905 Oklahoma has increased rapidly in the production of 
petroleum and now ranks second among the States in that particular. 
Prior to 1904 the petroleum production of Oklahoma was insignificant. 
In that year considerable development work was done in the Osage 
Indian Reservation and in the vicinity of Bartlesville and Rompna, 
in the Cherokee Nation of (then) Indian Territory. The production 
rose from less than 150,000 barrels in 1903 to nearly 1,400,000 barrels 
in 1904. . By 1907 it had reached over 45,000,000 barrels, and at the 
present time, as the second oil producing State, Oklahoma is yielding 
oil at the rate of over 50,000,000 barrels annually. In 19*10 the petn> 
leum production of Oklahoma was 52,028,718 barrels, valued at 
$19,922,660; in 1911 it was 56,069,637 barrels, valued at $26,451,767. 
The value of the petroleum production is about 60 per cent of the 
total mineral output of the State. 

















































































CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


65 


The great increase in the production of petroleum, used largely for 
fuel, has naturally retarded the development of the coal resources of 
the State. According to the Tenth United States Census, 120,947 
tons of coal were mined in Oklahoma (Indian Territory) in 1880, this 
being the first record of any coal produced in the then Territory. 
Coal production increased nearly every year until 1903, when it 
reached 3,517,388 tons. At this date the influence of petroleum, 
and of natural gas also, began to be felt, and coal mining has been 
practically at a standstill ever since. In only one year since has the 
production exceeded that of 1903, and this was in the boom period of 
1907. The average yearly production from 1904 to 1911, inclusive, 
has been nearly half a million tons less than that of 1903. The produc¬ 
tion in 1911 was 3,074,242 short tons, valued at $6,291,494, against 
2,646,226 tons, valued at $5,867,947, in 1910. The output in 1910 
was cut down to an unusual extent by the strike of miners in all the 
Mississippi Valley States. Prior to the admission of Oklahoma as a 
State, the principal part of the production of coal was from the 
Choctaw Nation, with smaller quantities from the Cherokee and Creek 
Nations. Pittsburg County is now the leading producer, with Coal, 
Latimer, Okmulgee, and Haskell counties following in the order 
named. Four other counties also produce coal. 

The following table shows the quantity and value of the mineral 
products of Oklahoma in 1910 and 1911: 


Mineral production of Oklahoma in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Asphalt, .short tons.. 

Gernent. barrels 

11,959 

$65,244 



(a) 

(o) 



(a) 

(a) 

$920,921 

(o) 

(a) 

$756,639 

Cllay products 





Coal short tons.. 

2,646,226 

5,867,947 


3,074,242 

$6,291,494 


GnVe do 

(a) (6) 

(«) (0) 
459,137 
158,840 
9,700 



Gypsum .short tons.. 
T,p.ftd .do_ 

162,788 


108,653 



293,302 
173,250 
14,603 


1,805 
2,140 


1,925 

3,472 

T.ime do 





Mineral waters, gal¬ 
lons sold 

115,000 

4,950 

3,490,704 

19,922,660 

497,074 

14,290 

6,731,770 

26,451,767 

(o) 

Natural gfts 





Petroleum... barrels.. 
Pyrite long tons 

52,028,718 



56,069,637 

(a) 







Salt barrels 



2,564 

881 

500 

431 

Sand and gravel, 
short 

650,236 

186,977 
129,174 

291,424 

97,539 

( c ) 

Stone 


502,537 

248,076 

1,032,417 


c795,879 
256,158 
c 801,324 

71inc short, tons 


2,297 


2,247 

Miseellan eoi i s 




( c ) 

Total value, 
eliminat, i n g 
duplications . 






$32,988,865 

$42,678,446 


a Value included under “Miscellaneous.” c Derived product includes raw product. 

b Value not included in total value. 


Natural gas ranks second in value among the mineral products of 
Oklahoma, the output in 1910 being valued at $3,490,704, and in 1911 
at $6,731,770. The three fuels considered by value make up 90 per 
cent of the total mineral production of the State. 

The clay products are chiefly common and vitrified brick, the total 
value in 1910 being $920,921, and in 1911, $756,639. The principal 
counties in this regard are Muskogee, Rogers, and Tulsa. 
































































66 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


The chief quarry product is limestone, about two-thirds of which is 
crushed for railroad ballast and concrete. The quarrying of granite, 
chiefly for building, is also of considerable importance in Greer, Johns¬ 
ton, Kiowa, and Sequoyah counties. The total stone production of 
the State was valued at $795,879 in 1911, against $631,711 in 1910. 

Other mineral products to which Oklahoma contributes are 
asphalt, cement, gypsum, lead, lime, mineral waters, salt, sand, gravel, 
and zinc. 

OREGON. 

Oregon has not risen to much prominence as a mining State, its 
production of only two substances attaining as much as $1,000,000 
in value. Clay products, principally common and pressed brick, 
were valued at $1,081,025 in 1911, exclusive of a small output of 
pottery. The stone production was valued at $1,108,478 in 1910 but 
only $583,398 in 1911. In 1910 the clay products were valued at 
$876,632. The gold production of the State was $681,400 in 1910 
and $634,200 in 1911. Sand (chiefly building) and gravel had a 
combined value of $625,405 in 1910 and ox $659,417 in 1911. 
Some coal (lignite) has been produced in Coos County for a good 
many years, but the competition of fuel oil from California has taken 
away its chief market in San Francisco. Production has decreased 
from 87,276 tons in 1909 to 67,533 tons in 1910 and to 46,661 
tons in 1911. Other products of the State are copper, lead, gypsum, 
lime, mineral waters, platinum, precious stones (irregularly), ocher, 
pottery, and silver. 

The following table shows the quantity and value of the mineral 
products of Oregon in 1910 and 1911: 


Mineral production of Oregon in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Clay products, short 
tons. 

(a) (c) 
67,533 

(a) (c) 

$235,229 


b $876,632 

1,283 

46,661 

a $7,053 
108,033 

> 

b$l,081,025 

Coal.short tons.. 



Copper.pounds.. 

22,022 

2,797 

100 

681,400 

62,984 

125,943 

15,743 

50 

634,200 

Gems and precious 
stones. 





Gold, fine ounces 
(troy). 



32,963 



30,679 

Gypsum .short tons.. 
Lead.do_ 

12,699 








11 

4,557 

990 

38,216 

Lime.do_ 



6,742 

(9 

65,039 

(9 



Mineral paints, natu¬ 
ral pigments, short 
tons. 





Mineral waters, gal¬ 
lons sold. 

88,970 

22,989 

56,300 

18,000 



Plat inum, fine ounces 
(troy). 

53 

1,121 

117 

3,265 

Sand and gravel, 
short tons.. 

1,432,495 

625,405 

1,438,504 

659,417 

Silver, fine ounces 
(troy). 

43,800 

23,600 
dl, 108,478 
34,403 

44,800 

24,200 
d 583,398 
32,259 

Stone. 


( d ) 


(d) 

Miscellaneous. 





Total value, 
eliminat i n g 
duplications . 







$3,739,927 

$3,198,796 


« Value not included in total value. 

b Exclusive of pottery, which is included under “Miscellaneous.” 
c Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 
d Derived product includes stone sold rough. 

























































CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


67 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

Since the first records of mining statistics were written into the 
history of the United States, Pennsylvania has stood at the top of 
the.list. Exclusive of the value of pig iron and of coke and of other 
derived or secondary products not included in the total made in the 
State, the value of Pennsylvania’s mineral production is nearly one- 
fourth of that of the entire country, and exceeds by several million 
dollars the combined output of Illinois, Ohio, West Virginia, and 
California, the next four States in the value of their mineral produc¬ 
tion. The total value of the mineral production of Pennsylvania 
was $411,827,343 in 1910 and $414,112,373 in 1911. Pennsylvania 
holds the leadership primarily on account of the State’s supremacy 
in the production of coal. In the combined value of the production 
of anthracite and bituminous coal Pennsylvania exceeds the aggregate 
value of all the mineral products of Illinois, West Virginia, and Ohio, 
the second, third, and fourth States, respectively, in rank. In addi¬ 
tion to being the premier State in the production of coal, Pennsyl¬ 
vania leads also in the production of cement, lime, mineral paints, 
sand, slate, and stone, and in the manufacture of coke and pig iron. 
It is second in the value of clay products, of feldspar, graphite, and 
natural gas. 

The production of coal in Pennsylvania in 1910 amounted to 
235,006,762 short tons, valued at $313,304,812, of which 84,485,236 
short tons, valued at $160,275,302, were anthracite and 150,521,526 
short tons, valued at $153,029,510, were bituminous coal. In 1911 
the production of bituminous coal decreased to 144,754,163 short 
tons, valued at $146,347,858, while that of anthracite increased to 
90,464,067 short tons, valued at $175,189,392, so that whereas the 
total quantity increased only 211,468 tons to 235,218,230 tons, the 
value increased $8,232,438 to $321,537,250, owing to the . higher 
value of anthracite, whose production increased approximately 
6,000,000 tons while that of the lower priced bituminous coal de¬ 
creased about the same quantity. ■ As is well known, the entire pro¬ 
duction of anthracite is from a limited area, less than 500 square 
miles in extent, in the eastern part of the State. Ten counties con¬ 
tribute to the production, but 80 per cent or more of the total is 
mined in three counties: Luzerne, whose output exceeds 30,000,000 
short tons a year, Lackawanna, which exceeds 20,000,000 tons, and 
Schuylkill, which produces from 16,000,000 to 18,000,000 tons. 
Northumberland County produces over 6,000,000 tons, Carbon over 
3,000,000 tons, and about 3,000,000 tons is made up of the combined 
product of Columbia, Dauphin, Sullivan, Susquehanna, and Wayne 
counties. The bituminous coal fields extend over the greater part of 
the western half of the State and have • a total area of more than 
14,000 square miles. About 70 per cent of the production is from 
five counties: Fayette, whose maximum production in 1910 was over 
31,000,000 tons, Westmoreland, whose production has reached (in 1907) 
nearly 29,000,000 tons, Allegheny, which approaches 19,000,000 tons, 
Washington and Cambria, each exceeding 16,000,000 tons. Three 
other counties, Clearfield, Indiana, and Somerset, have produced over 
8,000,000 tons a vear; one, Jefferson, exceeds 5,000,000 tons; one, 
Armstrong, has produced over 3,000,000 tons; and five others, Butler, 


68 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


Center, Clarion, Elk, and Tioga, have mined over 1,000,000 tons. 
The first two counties, Fayette and Westmoreland, contain the famous 
Connellsville and Lower Connellsville coking coals, the fuel that makes 
that region the greatest coke-making district in the world. 

Pennsylvania produces little iron ore, but the city of Pittsburgh 
and vicinity is the greatest iron-making district of the world. In 1910 
Pennsylvania produced 739,799 long tons of iron ore, valued at 
$911,847, and in 1911, 514,929 tons, valued at $539,553. The pro¬ 
duction of pig iron (almost entirely from Lake Superior ores) was 
11,014,652 long tons, valued at $174,486,833, in 1910, and 9,581,109 
tons, valued at $136,328,507, in 1911. 

The Lehigh cement district of eastern Pennsylvania (with a few 
plants in New Jersey) is the most important cement-making region 
in the world. The principal producing center is in the vicinity of 
Allentown. The Lehigh district as a whole makes about one-third 
the entire cement production of the United States, and it properly 
includes the counties of Northampton, Carbon, Lehigh, and Berks 
in Pennsylvania, and Hunter County in New Jersey. Other plants 
in Pennsylvania are located at York, Pittsburgh, Wampum, and 
Newcastle. The total production of cement in Pennsylvania in 1910 
was 26,872,309 barrels, valued at $19,608,045, and 27,024 725 barrels, 
valued at $19,306,349, in 1911, of which nearly 90 per cent was from 
the Pennsylvania portion of the Lehigh district. 

The clay products of Pennsylvania were valued at $22,094,285 in 

1910 and at $20,270,033 in 1911. Pennsylvania ranks second among 
the States in the total value of its clay products, and first in the 
manufacture of the more ordinary types, such as brick of different 
kinds, terra cotta, tile, etc. In the output of pottery, New Jersey, 
Ohio, and West Virginia all exceed Pennsylvania. Expressed in 
value the output of fire brick is the most important of the clay prod¬ 
ucts of Pennsylvania, the State’s production of fire brick being 
more than one-third of the entire production of the United States, 
and about one-third of the value of all the brick and tile products in 
the State. The value of the fire, brick produced in 1910 in Penn¬ 
sylvania was $6,454,928, and in 1911 it was $5,555,529. Common 
brick is second in importance among the clay products, and the 
State’s production was valued at $5,371,707 in 1910, and at $4,963,232 
in 1911; front brickhad a value of $2,001,967 in 1910andof $2,111,492 
in 1911; and vitrified brick in 1910 was valued at $1,204,724 and in 

1911 at $1,511,061. All classes of brick, tile, and terra cotta are 
made in Pennsylvania, and the total value of this class of clay pro¬ 
duction in 1910 was $19,814,355 and in 1911 $18,113,216. The pot¬ 
tery products also include most of the varieties produced in the 
United States, valued at $2,279,930 in 1910 and at $2,156,817 in 
1911. The principal clay-producing counties in the State are Phila¬ 
delphia, Clearfield, Allegheny, Cambria, Beaver, Huntingdon, Arm¬ 
strong, Elk, Clinton, and Lawrence. 

Pennsylvania gave place in 1910 to West Virginia as first in rank 
in the value of the natural gas produced, but continues to rank first 
in consumption, both in quantity and value, of this fuel, making out 
the shortage in its own production by drawing from the West Vir¬ 
ginia wells. West Virginia has exceeded Pennsylvania in the quan¬ 
tity of gas produced for several years. In 1910 the production of 


CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


69 


natural gas in Pennsylvania fell off about 1,0Q0,000,000 cubic feet, 
and that of West Virginia increased nearly 25,000,000,000 cubic feet, 
and the latter State exceeded Pennsylvania in the value of its natural 
gas production for the first time in its history. In 1911, West Vir¬ 
ginia added over 16,000,000,000 cubic feet to its production while 
Pennsylvania fell off nearly 23,000,000,000 cubic feet, and in the 
value of its production West Virginia exceeded Pennsylvania over 
$10,000,000. West Virginia, however, consumes considerably less 
than one-half of the gas produced in the State, about three-fifths of 
its output being piped into Pennsylvania and Ohio for consumption. 

Up to 1894 Pennsylvania was the leading State in the production 
of petroleum. In 1895 it was exceeded by Ohio, the production in 
Pennsylvania having begun to decline in 1891, while Ohio was 
approaching its maximum, which was attained in 1896. Both States 
have shown a declining tendency in the last 15 years. In more 
recent years West Virginia, Texas, California, Illinois, and Oklahoma 
have risen rapidly in the production of petroleum, and now Pennsyl¬ 
vania ranks eighth in the quantity of its oil production and fifth in 
the value. 

The production of limestone is the principal factor in giving Penn¬ 
sylvania first place as a producer of stone. Pennsylvania is also the 
first in the production of slate, of sand and gravel, and of lime. In 
1910 the total value of the stone quarried in Pennsylvania was 
$8,571,518 and in 1911 it was $8,147,505; of this the production of 
limestone in 1910 was valued at $5,394,611 and in 1911 at $5,243,045. 

The principal use of the limestone is for fluxing in the furnaces 
around Pittsburgh and Johnstown, and in the eastern and central 
parts of the State about 70 per cent of the total value of the lime¬ 
stone being used for this purpose. Next in importance to limestone 
is sandstone, which was valued at $1,595,070 in 1910 and at $1,333,309 
in 1911. Trap rock, granite, and marble are also quarried. The 
principal leading counties in trap rock are Berks, Bucks, Delaware, 
and Montgomery; in granite, Berks, Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Lan¬ 
caster, Lehigh, Montgomery, and Philadelphia; in marble, Chester, 
Luzerne, Montgomery, Northampton, and York. In the production 
of slate Pennsylvania is credited with about 60 per cent of the total 
output of the United States. In 1910 the State’s production was 
valued at $3,740,806 out of a total for the United States of $6,236,759, 
and in 1911 at $3,431,351 out of a total of $5,728,019. The principal 
slate-producing region of the State is in Northampton and Lehigh 
counties. York is next in importance, producing the famous Peach 
Bottom slate. Smaller quantities are produced in Carbon and Lan¬ 
caster counties. 

Pennsylvania has more than one-half the total number of lime pro¬ 
ducers in the United States, but its production is about 25 per cent in 
quantity and 20 per cent in value of the total output. In 1910 the 
lime production m Pennsylvania was 877,714 short tons, valued at 
$2,440,350, and in 1911 it was 841,723 short tons, valued at 
$2,688,374. The burning of lime is an industry which is scattered 
pretty well all over the State. The combined production of sand 
and gravel in Pennsylvania in 1910 was 5,676,509 short tons, valued 
at $2,974,221, and in 1911 it was 5,689,059 tons, valued at $3,025,267. 

63564°—12-5 


70 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


In the manufacture of coke, as in the production of coal and in the 
manufacture of pig iron, Pennsylvania ranks preeminently above all 
the other States, with 60 per cent of the total production of coke. 
Owing to the slump in iron ore the manufacture of coke declined from 
26,315,607 short tons, valued at $55,254,599, in 1910, to 21,923,935 
short tons, valued at $43,053,367, in 1911. The principal counties, 
as is well known, that lead in the production of coke are Fayette and 
Westmoreland, and the districts of Connellsville and Lower Connells- 
ville. Cambria, Clearfield, and Indiana are also important counties 
in the manufacture of coke. 

The other mineral products of Pennsylvania are copper, feldspar, 
precious stones, gold, graphite, mineral paints, limestone, millstones, 
mineral waters, bromine, pyrite, quartz, salt, sand-lime brick, talc, 
and zinc oxide. 

The following table gives the mineral production of Pennsylvania 
during 1910 and 1911: 

Mineral 'production of Pennsylvania in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Valve. 

Abrasives, artificial.pounds.. 



(9 (9 
(9 
(9 
(9 

d 26,872,309 

(a) (6) 

(9 

(9 

(9 

d $19,608,045 
22,094,285 

Briquets, fuel...short tons.. 



Bromine.pounds.. 



Calcium chloride.short tons.. 



Cement.barrels.. 



Clay products.short tons.. 

Coal: 

Anthracite.do_ 

396,238 

84,485,236 

150,521,526 

a$636,613 

160,275,302 

153,029,510 

Bituminous.do_ 



Coke.do_ 

26,315,607 
740,626 

« 55,254,599 
94,060 

Copper.pounds.. 



Feldspar.short tons.. 

15,091 

104,751 

Ferro-alloys.long tons.. 

(«) (9 

(a) (6) 

Gems and'precious stones.7. 



Gold.fine ounces (troy).. 



(9 

(9 

Graphite, crystalline.pounds.. 

1,392,767 
739,799 

82,194 
911,847 

Iron ore.long tons.. 



Iron, pig.do_ 

11,014,652 

877,714 

a 174,486,833 
2,440,350 

(9 

265,559 

(9 

Lime.*. .7.short tons.. 



Millstones. 



Mineral paints, natural pigments.. .short tons.. 
Zinc-lead pigments.do_ 



28,091 

(9 

Mineral waters.gallons sold.. 

2,536,337 

221,685 

21,057,211 

11,908,914 

Natural gas. 



Petroleum.barrels.. 

8,794,662 



Pyrite.long tons.. 



Quartz..short tons.. 

(9 

5,676,509 

(9 

2,974,221 



Sand and gravel.do_ 



Sand-lime brick. 


72,827 

(9 

(9 

3,740,806 
«8,571,518 

(9 

(9 

e9, 229,525 

Salt.barrels.. 



(9 

(9 

Silver.fine ounces (troy).. 



Slate. 



Stone. 


(0 


Sulphuric acid (60° Baume)/.short tons.. 



Talc.do_ 

Miscellaneous. 

(9 

(9 

(9 

(9 

Total value, eliminating duplications. 



$411,827,343 


a Value not included in total value. 
b value included under “ Miscellaneous. 
c No report for 1910. 

d Exclusive of puzzolan cement, which is included under “Miscellaneous.” 
e Derived product includes raw product. 

/ From zinc smelters. Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 
















































































CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 
Mineral 'production of Pennsylvania in 1910 and 1911— Continued. 


71 


Product. 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Abrasives, artificial.poimds.. 



(o) (6) 
94,426 
(*>) 

(*>) 

27,024,725 

(«) ( b ) 
a $223,613 

( b ) 

(») 

19,306,349 

20,270,033 

Briquets, fuel.short tons.. 



Bromine.pounds.. 



Calcium chloride.short tons.. 



Cement..*.barrels.. 



Clay products.short tons.. 

Coal: 

Anthracite.do_ 

Bituminous.do_ 

329,197 

90,464,067 
144,754,163 

o $567,622 

175,189,392 

146,347,858 

Coke.do_ 

21,923,935 
661,621 

0 43,053,367 
82,703 

Copper.pounds.. 



Feldspar.short tons.. 

13,284 

101,090 

Ferro-alloys.long tons.. 

(o) (6) 

(a) (6) 

300 

( b ) 

Gems and precious stones. 



Gold..fine ounces (troy).. 



( b ) 

Graphite, crystalline.pounds.. 

Iron ore...long tons.. 

(*>) 

514,929 

(*) 

539,553 

Iron, pig.do_ 

9,581,109 
841,723 

0 136,328,507 
2,688,374 
(0) 

262,520 
(*) 

Lime.short tons.. 



Millstones. 



Mineral paints, natural pigments.. .short tons.. 
Zinc-lead pigments.do_ 



26,749 
(*) 

Mineral waters.gallons sold.. 

2,327,732 

216,819 
18,010,796 
10,894,074 
(») 

(*) 

3,025,267 

Natural gas. 



Petroleum.barrels.. 

8,248,158 
(») 

(0) 

5,689,059 



Pyrite.long tons.. 



Quartz.short tons.. 



Sand and gravel.do_ 



Sand-lime brick. 


(*) 

(») 

( 6 ) 

3,431,351 
c 8,147,505 
( d ) 

(b) 

11,101,415 

Salt.barrels.. 



(*) 

( b ) 

Silver.fine ounces (troy).. 



Slate. 



Stone. 


( c ) 


Sulphuric acid (60° Baum4)d.short tons.. 


(d) 

( b ) 

Talc.do- 

Miscellaneous. 

(<9 

( c ) 

99,147 

Total value, eliminating duplications. 



$414,112,373 


a Value not included in total value. 
b Value included under “ Miscellaneous.” 
c Derived product includes raw product. 
d From zinc smelters. Value included under “ Miscellaneous.” 


RHODE ISLAND. 

The only products which Rhode Island has contributed during the 
last few years are stone, mineral waters, lime, talc, soapstone, and 
manufactures of clay. 

The coal deposits of Rhode Island, which furnished fuel some 
years ago, have not recently been operated. This coal is of a highly 
refractory character and is more of a graphitic nature than anthra¬ 
cite, but it is generally designated “ Rhode Island anthracite.” 
During 1911 steps were taken to reopen one of these old mines at 
Portsmouth, but up to the close of the year no commercial produc¬ 
tion was reported. Some of this graphitic coal has been mined for 
use as furnace linings. On account of the fact that there are less 
than three operators in each of the other few industries in the State, 
mineral waters and stone are the only products that can be men¬ 
tioned separately. The sales of mineral water in 1910 amounted to 
528,725 gallons, valued at $34,703, and in 1911 to 503,360 gallons, 
valued at $27,036. The stone production was valued at $521,889 in 















































































72 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


1910 and at $958,753 in 1911. The combined value of the other 
mineral products was $243,911 in 1910 and $158,686 in 1911. 

The following table gives the quantity and value of the mineral 
production of Rhode Island for 1910 and 1911: 


Mineral production of Rhode Island in 1910 and 1911. 



1910 

1911 

Product. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 


Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Briquets, fuel, short 
tons. 



(a) 

(a) 



(*>) (0 

(b lf 

Clay products. 



(c) 



Lime.short tons.. 



(0 

( c ) 



(0 

(c) 

Mineral waters, gal¬ 
lons sold. 

528,725 

$34,703 

W 


503,360 

$27,036 

(d) 


Stone. 


<*$521,889 

0) 

243,911 


<*$958,753 

( c ) 

158,686 

Talc.short tons.. 


(0 

(d) 

(d) 

(0 

Miscellaneous. 











Total value, 
eliminat i n g 
duplications.. 

$800,503 

$1,088,475 


“No report for 1910. c Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 

t> Value not included in total value. <* Derived product includes raw product. 


SOUTH CAROLINA. 

The most important mineral industry in South Carolina is the 
mining of phosphate rock. This does not have the same actual or 
relative importance at the present time that it did in the latter years 
of the last century. Until the discovery of the phosphate beds in 
Florida in 1888 South Carolina enjoyed practically a monopoly in 
the production of phosphate rock. With the development of the 
more extensive beds in Florida, South Carolina soon lost its suprem¬ 
acy in the production of this substance. In 1894 the production of 
rock in Florida exceeded that of South Carolina, and the former State 
has continued to hold first place since that time. Two varieties of 
phosphate, rock were produced in South Carolina, known as land 
rock and river rock, the names indicating the sources from which the 
rock was obtained. The river-bed deposits have practically been 
worked out and the land deposits are approaching exhaustion. In 
1893 the production of phosphate rock in South Carolina reached its 
maximum, when the production was 502,564 long tons. In 1910 
there were 179,659 long tons, valued at $733,057, and in 1911 169,156 
long tons, valued at $673,156. South Carolina now ranks third as the 
producer of phosphate rock, being exceeded not only by Florida but 
by Tennessee. The discovery of the phosphatic character of the 
Tennessee deposits was not made until in 1894, and the production 
of South Carolina fell behind Tennessee in 1898. 

The only other industry of considerable importance in South Caro¬ 
lina is clay working, of which the brickyards furnish by far the 
greater part of the output. In 1910 the value of all the clay products 
of South Carolina was $704,590, of which $657,801 was the value of 
common brick. In 1911 the total value of the clay products was 
$669,794, of which common brick represented $624,103. South Caro- 



































CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


73 


lina is one of three States to produce a peculiar quality of clay used 
in the paper trade and known as “ paper clay.” None of this pro¬ 
duction, however, is used within the State, but is shipped to paper 
manufacturers in the North. The production of “paper clay” in 
South Carolina in 1910 was 29,051 short tons, valued at $118,926, 
out of a total production of raw clay amounting to 29,920 short tons, 
valued at $122,567. In 1911 the quantity of raw clay mined and sold 
as such was 31,585 short tons, valued at $124,063, of which 30,640 
short tons, valued at $120,012, was used as paper clay. The entire 
output of paper clay reported was from Aiken County alone. 

South Carolina is one of two States in which monazite has been 
produced in commercial quantities, the other and more important 
producer being North Carolina. The production in the two States 
has exceeded 1,500,000 pounds and the value has exceeded $160,000, 
but during the last two years on account of heavy imports from 
Brazil the production in both States has practically ceased. In 1909 
the total production of monazite in North Carolina and South Caro¬ 
lina was 541,931 pounds, valued at $65,032; in 1910 it was 15,847 
pounds, valued at $1,902; and in 1911 no commercial production was 
reported, though a few thousand pounds of crude sand were mined 
and stocked. 

The production of gold in South Carolina in 1910 was 1,829 fine 
ounces, valued at $37,800, and in 1911 it was 972 fine ounces, 
valued at $20,100. The Haile gold mine, in Lancaster County, has 
been the chief source of South Carolina’s gold production. Other 
mineral products of the State are mica, mineral waters, lime, stone, 
sand, and gravel. The stone production, which is almost entirely 
granite, was valued at $369,448 in 1910, and at $194,598 in 1911. 

The following table gives the quantity and value of mineral pro¬ 
duction of South Carolina in 1910 and 1911: 

Mineral ■production of South Carolina in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Barytes short tons 





(a) 

31,585 

(a) 

(“) 

*$124,063 

(a) 



Clay products, short 

tons. 

Fuller’s earth, short 

29,920 

(a) 

*$122,567 

(a) 


$704,590 


$669,794 

Gold, fine ounces 

( trnv'l 

1,829 

(a) 

37,800 

(°) 

( a ) 

972 

(a) 

20,100 

(°) 

/ •••• . 

Limp, snort tons 










Mineral waters, gal- 
Ions sold 

410,691 

(a) 

179,659 

504,282 

78,465 

(a) 

733,057 

52,918 
( c ) 
3,902 


285,389 

42,099 



Monazite—pounds.. 
Phosphate rock, long 







169,156 

227,612 

673,156 

30,303 
(«) 

( c ) 



Sand and gravel, 

fahnrf tnns 





Stone 


c 369,855 
40, 784 


c 336,467 
c32,196 

j 1 ft n poi i s 





Total value, 
eliminating 
duplications.. 





$2,021,371 

$1,804,115 


a Value included under “ Miscellaneous.” c Derived product includes raw product. 

* Value not included in total value. 

















































74 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


SOUTH DAKOTA. 

The chief mining district of South Dakota is in the Black Hills 
region in Lawrence County, and the mainstay of the State, from a 
mining standpoint, is the production of gold, in which South Dakota 
ranks fifth among the States. In 1910 the production of gold in 
South Dakota, most of which was from the Iiomestake mine of the 
Black Hills region, was 260,267 fine ounces, valued at $5,380,200. 
In 1911 it was 359,402 fine ounces, valued at $7,429,500. The value 
of the gold represents 90 per cent of the total mineral output of 
South Dakota. Other branches of the mining industry fall into 
insignificance. 

In one respect, however, South Dakota practically stands alone, 
and that is that in both 1909 and 1910 there was some production 
of tin, but none in 1911. A small quantity is also reported to have 
been mined in North Carolina, and prospects of tin production are 
held out in the Territory of Alaska. 

Second in importance among the mineral products of the State is 
that of quartzite, a hard variety of sandstone used largely for building 
and paving. In 1910 the stone production was valued at $173,726, 
decreasing to $148,190 in 1911. The production of silver was 120,600 
fine ounces, valued at $65,100, in 1910, and 200,300 fine ounces, 
valued at $108,200, in 1911. 

The following table gives the quantity and value of the mineral 
production of South Dakota in 1910 and 1911: 

Mineral production of South Dakota in 1910 and 1911. 



1910 

1911 

Product. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw 

Derived. 


Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Clay products. 




$71,200 

5 




$61,365 

201 

1,644 

7,429,500 

(a) 

Copper.pounds.. 



43 



1,607 

Gems and precious 
stones. 



2,537 

5,380,200 

(«) 

616 



Gold, fine ounces 
(troy). 



260,267 



359,402 

Gypsum .short tons.. 
Lead.do_ 

(a) 


(o) 



7 


33 

5,293 

2,970 

37,573 

Lime.do_ 



4,151 

25,399 



Lithium.do_ 

(a) 

(o) 

(o) 

(o) 

Mica. 


(a) 


(°) 

Mineral waters, gal¬ 
lons sold. 

(a) 

<a) 

$31,999 

157,738 


13,400 

$2,410 

16,984 

41,286 


Natural gas. 





Sand and gravel, 
short tons. 

849,800 



92,757 



Sand-lime brick. 


(°) 

65,100 
130,668 
12,600 

64 


31,535 

108,200 
b 148,190 

Silver, fine ounces 
(troy). 



120,600 



200,300 

Stone. 


43,058 


(*>) 

Tin.short tons.. 


18 



Tungsten ore (60 per 
cent concentrates, 
short tons. 



300 





Miscellaneous. 


4,091 

170,539 


( b ) 


b 155,514 






Total value, 
eliminating 
duplications.. 

$6,095,814 

$8,037,372 


« Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 


b Derived product includes raw product. 
































































CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


75 


The clay products consist principally of common brick, with 
smaller portions of front brick, drain tile, and fire brick, which 
amounted to $71,200 in 1910 and to $61,365 in 1911. Other less 
important products are cement, copper, gypsum, lead, lime, mica, 
mineral waters, natural gas, sand-lime brick, sand and gravel, and 
tungsten ore. 

TENNESSEE. 

The most important mineral resource of Tennessee is coal, the 
value of the output of which is equal to 40 per cent of the State’s 
total mineral production. Exclusive of the value of pig iron made 
in the State, but including the value of the iron ore mined, the total 
value of the mineral products of Tennessee in 1910 was $17,150,742, 
and in 1911 it was $17,902,451. Of these totals the coal produced 
in 1910 contributed $7,925,350 (7,121,380 short tons), and in 1911, 
$7,209,734 (6,433,156 short tons). All of the coal-producing counties 
are in the eastern part of the State, which is crossed in a northeast- 
southwest direction by the coal areas of the Appalachian system. The 
three principal producing counties, Campbell, Claiborne, and Ander¬ 
son, are at the northern end of the Tennessee coal field. This section 
produces the celebrated Jellico coal, highly prized as a steam and 
domestic fuel. Other important coal-producing counties are Marion, 
Morgan, Scott, White, Grundy, and Hamilton. All of the coal pro¬ 
duced in the State is bituminous in character, some of it possessing 
excellent coking quality. Coke is made in six counties and is con¬ 
sumed in the iron furnaces at Rockwood, at Dayton, and in the vi¬ 
cinity of Chattanooga. 

Tennessee’s production of pig iron amounted to 400,269 long tons, 
valued at $5,199,099, in 1910 and to 297,594 long tons, valued at 
$3,439,644, in 1911, mostly from ore mined within the State. In 1910 
the iron ore produced in Tennessee amounted to 732,247 long tons, 
valued at $1,048,323, and in 1911 it was 469,728 tons, valued at 
$632,339. The iron ore occurs in close proximity to the coking coals 
and is mined chiefly in Roane, Lawrence, Hickman, and Wayne 
counties. 

In the production of copper Tennessee is the only one of impor¬ 
tance among the Eastern States, and ranks seventh in this respect 
among all the States, though when compared with the great copper 
production of Michigan, Montana, and Arizona, the output of Ten¬ 
nessee appears unimportant. The entire production of the State is 
from pyritic ores mined in Polk County and smelted at Ducktown. 
The production in 1911 was 18,965,143 pounds, valued at $2,370,643, 
against 16,691,777 pounds, valued at $2,119,856, in 1910. The agita¬ 
tion in the last few years against the emission of sulphur-laden fumes 
from the smelter stacks and the efforts of the operators to control 
them have resulted in the construction of a plant for the recovery 
in the form of acid of the sulphur contained in the ore. Work on this 
plant was begun in 1906, but was not in full operation until in 1908; 
it was enlarged in 1910, and now has a capacity of from 180,000 to 
200,000 tons of 60° Baume acid annually. The operations of this 
plant are described in considerable detail in the report on sulphur, 
pyrite, and sulphuric acid in Part II of the present report. 

The discovery in 1894 of extensive beds of phosphate rock in Ten¬ 
nessee has developed into an industry now fourth in importance among 


76 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


the mining and related enterprises, of the State, and Tennessee now 
ranks second among the States in the production of this mineral sub¬ 
stance, with an output exceeding $1,500,000 in value. The deposits 
occur in the central part of the State in Hickman, Maury, Williamson, 
Perry, and Lewis counties, and are of three types, brown, blue, and 
white rock, the first being by far the most important commercially. 
The production of phosphate rock in Tennessee was 398,188 long 
tons, valued at $1,503,350, in 1910 (including a small quantity from 
Arkansas) and 431,566 tons, valued at $1,688,267, in 1911. 

The following table gives the quantity and value of the mineral 
products of Tennessee during 1910 and 1911: 

Mineral production of Tennessee in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Barytes. .short tons.. 
Bauxite...long tons.. 
Cement.barrels.. 

(a) 

(«) 

(a) 

(a) 



(a) 

(“) 

(a) 

(a) 







(a) 

(a) 

81,414,288 

(a) 

(a) 

81,385,100 

Clay products, 

short tons. 

Coal.short tons.. 

61,407 
7,121,380 

68120,753 
7,925,3.50 

49,653 
6,433,156 

b 8104,277 
7,209,734 

Coke.do_ 

322,756 
16,691,777 

(a) (6) 

135 

b 959,104 
2,119,856 

(a) (b) 

2,800 

330,418 

18,965,143 

(a) (6) 

576 

b 797,758 
2,370,643 

(«) ( b ) 

11,900 

Copper.pounds.. 

. 

. 



Ferro-alloys, long 
tons. 





Gold, fine ounces 
(troy). 





Iron ore.. .long tons.. 
Iron, pig.do_ 

732,247 

1,048,323 

469,728 

632,339 

400,269 
88,679 

4,584 

65,199,099 
275,701 

38,194 

297,594 
91,099 

(a) 

63,439,644 
282,763 

(a) 

Lime. .short tons.. 





Mineral paints, nat- 
u r a 1 pigments, 
short tons... 





Mineral waters, 
gallons sold.. .. 

960,511 

71,129 

300 

1,073,115 

72,475 
300 

1,688,267 

(o) 

518,542 

Natural gas. 





Phosphate rock, 
long tons. 

(a) 

(a) 

795,412 

(a) 

( a ) 

417,901 



431,566 

(a) 

1,117,309 



Quartz.. .short tons.. 
Sand and gravel, 
short tons. 









Silver, fine ounces 
(troy). 

69,800 

37,700 

(a) 

n, 455,482 

(<*) 

99,900 
855,633 

107,000 

57,800 

Slate. - . 





Stone. 


(°) 



( c ) 


U, 498,798 

(d) 

114,000 

2,303,647 

Sulphuric acid (00° 
Baume),d short 
'tons.. 




( d ) 

1,000 

Zinc.do_ 



925 

% 


Miscellaneous. 


1,542,645 


49,403 

Total v a 1 u e, 
eliminat in g 
duplications.. 





817,150,742 

817,902,451 


o Value Included under “Miscellaneous.’'* 

6 Value not included in total value. 
c Derived product includes stone sold rough. 

d From copper smelters. No report for 1910. Value included under “ Miscellaneous.” 

Fifth in importance in Tennessee’s mineral production is the output 
of the quarries, nearly equally divided in value between marble and 
limestone. Tennessee marbles have a high reputation for interior 
decoration and approximately 75 per cent of the entire output is 
sold for that purpose. The limestone is used chiefly for roadmaking, 
railroad ballast, concrete, and furnace flux. The principal marble- 
























































































CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


77 


producing counties are Blount, Hawkins, Knox, Loudoun, and Union, 
and those producing the larger part of the limestone are Bradley, 
Campbell, Carter, Cheatham, Coffee, Cumberland, Davidson, Dickson, 
Franklin, Giles, Hamilton, Hickman, Jefferson, Knox, Marion, Maury, 
Rhea, Roane, Robertson, Sullivan, Trousdale, and Wilson. The 
total value of the stone production of Tennessee was $1,455,482 in 
1910 and $1,498,798 in 1911. 

The chief clay products of Tennessee are common and front brick 
and pottery. The value of the clay products in 1911 was $1,385,100 
against $1,414,288 in 1910. The pottery products had a value of 
$209,180 in 1910 and of $197,139 in 1911. In addition to these, 
61,407 short tons of raw clay, valued at $120,753, in 1910, and 49,653 
short tons, valued at $104,277, in 1911 were mined and sold. The 
leading raw clay product is ball clay, in the production of which 
Tennessee holds second place. The counties leading in the output 
of clay products are Hamilton, Davidson, Shelby, and Knox. 

Other products are barytes, bauxite, Portland cement, gold, lime, 
manganese ore, mineral paints, mineral waters, natural gas, silver, 
zinc, sand, and gravel. 

TEXAS. 

Texas, the largest State in area, and the fifth in the number of 
inhabitants, is twenty-third in the value of its mineral production. 
It does not hold first place as a producer of any mineral or mineral 
substance, but ranks second in the production ”of two—asphalt and 
quicksilver. Its principal mineral product is petroleum;' in which 
it ranks sixth among the States in quantity of output and seventh in 
value. The value of the petroleum product represents something 
more than one-third of the total for the State. In 1910 the produc¬ 
tion of petroleum was 8,899,266 barrels, valued at $6,605,755, and 
the total value of all mineral products was $18,404,254. In 1911 the 
production of petroleum amounted to 9,526,474 barrels, valued at 
$6,554,552 and the total value of all products was $18,817,304. 

Among the older Texas oil fields there was in 1911 an interesting 
increase at Markham. The other oil fields show the usual slight 
decline. The feature of the greatest interest in petroleum in Texas 
was the discovery and development of the Electra pool in Wichita 
County, on the northern edge of the State. The oil in this field proves 
to be of an exceptionally fine quality, being almost identical with Penn¬ 
sylvania oil. There is considerable prospect of extending this pool 
to the southeast and the southwest, and good indications of oil are 
found as far east as half way to the next producing region, in Clay 
County. The latter district has not been as profitable as the new 
Electra field, but has yielded sufficient gas to supply Wichita Falls, 
Dallas, and Fort Worth. Much prospecting is going on in the western 
half of Texas in many different localities, where seepages and other 
indications show the probability of fine oil supplies. 

Second in importance, reckoned by value of the output, is coal, 
including lignite, the combined production of which was 1,892,176 
short tons, valued at $3,160,965, in 1910 and 1,974,593 tons, valued at 
$3,273,288, in 1911. Texas is the only State in the Union that pro¬ 
duces considerable quantities of both true bituminous coal and lignite 
or brown coal. The areas of true coal are much less in extent than 
those of the lignites but contribute something over half of the output 


78 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


and about 80 per cent of the total value. In 1910 the production of 
bituminous coal was 1,010,944 short tons, valued at $2,397,858, and 
that of lignite was 881,232 tons, valued at $763,107. In 1911 the 
production of bituminous coal amounted to 1,083,952 tons, valued at 
' $2,491,361, and that of lignite was 890,641 tons, valued at $781,927. 
Bituminous coal is produced in six counties—Erath, Palo Pinto, Wise, 
and Young, in the north central part of the State, and Maverick and 
Webb on the Mexican border. The lignite areas extend in a broad 
belt from the Sabine to the Rio Grande, but production is limited at 
present to 11 counties, of which the principal ones are Milam and 
Wood. 

The following table gives the quantity and value of the mineral 
products of Texas in 1910 and 1911: 


Mineral 'production of Texas in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Asphalt, .short tons.. 



57,713 
(a) 

$1,040,825 

(«) 

2,863,930 



55,826 

(a) 

$786,785 

(«) 

2,659,919 

Cement.barrels.. 





Clay products, 
short tons. 

1,114 

1,892,176 

b $5,786 
3,160,965 

2,070 

1,974,593 

b $9,480 
3,273,288 

Coal.short tons.. 



Copper.pounds.. 

2,961 

376 

105 

13 

2,600 

3,900 

491,685 

Fuller’s "earth, 
short tons. 

(«) 

(a) 

(a) 

(a) 

Gems and precious 
stones. 


834 

400 
488,646 

Gold, fine ounces 
(troy). 



19 



189 

Gypsum .short tons.. 
Iron ore., .long tons.. 
Lead.short tons.. 

188,559 
29,535 


179,625 


34,003 




33 

48,200 

2,904 

226,952 



57 

43,064 

5,130 
218,007 

Lime.do_ 





Mineral waters, 
gallons sold. 

1,241,248 

128,549 

(a) 

6,605,755 

1,637,932 

158,367 

1,014,945 

6,554,552 

Natural gas. 





Petroleum.. .barrels.. 
Quicksilver... flasks.. 

8,899,266 



9,526,474 



3,320 
382,164 

154,413 
272,568 

(a) 

385,200 

(a) 

299,537 

Salt.barrels.. 





Sand and gravel, 
short tons. 

1,006,584 

517,225 

1,048,352 

543,866 

Sand-lime brick. 


(a) 

196,800 

313,467 

2,587 

1,696,046 


(«) 

239,900 
c 588,777 
4,226 
cl, 971,807 

Silver, fine ounces 
(troy). 



364,400 



444,200 

Stone. 


24}, 152 


(<0 

Tin.short tons.. 


3 


5 

Miscellaneous. 


455,857 


(«) 

Total value, 
e 1 i minating 
duplications.. 





$18,404,254 

$18,817,304 


a Value included under “Miscellaneous.” c Derived product includes raw product. 

b Value not included in total value. 


The clay products of Texas were valued at $2,659,919 in 1911 
against $2,863,930 in 1910. The principal products are common 
brick, vitrified brick, and front brick, the first constituting about 60 
per cent of the total. Pottery products included in these totals were 
valued at $119,085 in 1910 and at $132,417 in 1911. The principal 
clay-working counties are Ellis, Bowie, Wilson, Bastrop, and Harris. 

The manufacture of Portland cement is of comparatively recent 
development in Texas, but the production has increased rapidly Irom 













































































CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


79 


less than 500,000 barrels in 1908 to oV'er 650,000 barrels in 1909, to 
nearly 1,300,000 barrels in 1910, and to 1,504,511 barrels in 1911. 
Cement materials are abundantly distributed but present operations 
are confined to 4 plants, 2 near Dallas, 1 at San Antonio, and 1 at El 
Paso. 

The asphalt production of Texas, which is principally residue 
from heavy asphaltic oils, amounted to 57,713 short tons, valued at 
$1,040,825, in 1910, and 55,826 tons, valued at $786,785, in 1911. 

The production of quicksilver, in which Texas ranks second among 
the States, is from Brewster County, in the western part of the State. 

The principal quarry product is limestone, produced in Bell, Bexar, 
Brown, Comal, Coryell, Dallas, El Paso, Grayson, Guadalupe, Jack, 
Jones, Lampasas,. Nolan, Palo Pinto, Polk, Runnels, Travis, and 
Williamson counties, and is used for building, for foundations, for 
road making, for concrete, and for flux. Granite is produced in 
Burnet, El Paso, and Llano counties. The red granite of Burnet 
County has few equals in attractiveness in this country. 

Other mineral products of Texas are fuller’s earth, copper, precious 
stones, gold, lead, lime, mineral waters, natural gas, gypsum, iron 
ore, pig iron, salt, sand-lime brick, silver, sand and gravel. 

UTAH. 

Utah is unique among the States in the diversity of its production 
of precious and semiprecious metals. It does not rank first in the 
production of any of these metals, but it stands well among the 
leaders in the production of gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, and 
vanadium minerals. In the production of lead and silver it ranks 
third; it ranks fourth in the production of copper, sixth in the pro¬ 
duction of gold, and seventh in the production of zinc. Forty per 
cent of the total production of the State is from the copper mines, of 
which the most important producing district is the Bingham, in Salt 
Lake County. The Tintic district, in Juab County, and the San 
Francisco district, in Beaver County, are less important copper pro¬ 
ducers. The quantity of copper produced in 1910 was 125,185,455 
pounds, valued at $15,898,553, and in 1911 it was 142,340,215 pounds, 
valued at $17,792,527. The silver mines are in Juab, Summit, 
Wasatch, and Utah counties, with smaller quantities from Salt 
Lake, Beaver, and Tooele counties, and the production was valued 
at $5,640,800 in 1910 and at $6,280,500 in 1911. 

The principal silver-producing counties are also the chief producers 
of lead, the output of which was 57,081 short tons, valued at 
$5,023,128, in 1910, and 55,198 short tons, valued at $4,967,820, in 
1911. Gold is the fourth in importance among the metal products 
of the State, and it amounted in 1910 to 208,627 fine ounces, valued 
at $4,312,700; in 1911 the gold production was 217,020 fine ounces, 
valued at $4,486,200. The principal producing counties are Juab, 
Salt Lake, and Tooele; small amounts come from Utah, Summit, 
Wasatch, Beaver, Boxelder, Morgan, Iron, and Piute, and a small 
placer production from other counties. About 25 per cent of the 
gold is obtained from dry or siliceous ores, but most of the output 
is obtained in the refining of copper. Some of the lead and zinc ores 
also produce gold. 

The zinc production, which is chiefly from middlings and concen¬ 
trates from the Park City district, amounted in 1910 to 7,221 short 


80 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


tons, valued at $779,868, and in 1911 to 7,004 short tons, valued at 
$798,456. The value of the metal production of Utah in 1910 was 
$31,655,049 out of a total value of all mineral production of 
$39,233,716; in 1911 the metal production was valued at $34,325,503 
out of a total value of $41,139,075. More than one-half of the remain¬ 
der is obtained from coal mines, which in 1910 produced 2,517,809 
short tons, valued at $4,224,556, and in 1911, 2,513,175 short tons, 
valued at $4,248,666. The principal coal-producing county is Car¬ 
bon, which contains part of the Uinta coal basin, extending from 
central Utah nearly through the central part of Colorado. The 
developments are principally along the line of the Denver & Rio 
Grande Railroad. Some of the Carbon County coal possesses coking 
qualities. From 250,000 to 350,000 tons are made into coke annually, 
chiefly from the slack produced in the coal-mining operations. 

The following table gives the quantity and value of the mineral 
production of Utah during 1910 and 1911: 

Mineral production of Utah in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Asphalt, .short tons.. 
Cement.barrels.. 

34,942 

$526,298 

755 

811,800 

$43,035 

1,005,960 

& 864,258 

30,846 

$516,614 



662,849 

$827,523 

b 548,955 

Clay products, short 
tons. 

6,209 

2,517,809 

a8,903 

4,224,556 

3,776 

2,513,175 

o9,241 

4,248,666 

Coal.short tons . 



Coke.do_ 

(°)U) 

125,185,455 

(«) (<0 
15,898,553 

13,200 

4,312,700 

( c ) 

5,023,128 

88,030 

(a) (c) 

142,340,215 

(«)(«) 

17,792,527 

4,625 

4,486.200 

(0 

4,967,820 
74,770 

Copper.pounds.. 





Gems and precious 
stones. 





Gold, fine ounces 
(troy). 



208,627 



217,020 

Gh>sum .short tons.. 
Lead.do ... 

(0 


( c ) 



57,081 

15,625 


55,198 
11,681 

Lime.do_ 





Mineral waters, gal¬ 
lons sold. 

( c ) 

( c ) 

( c ) 

44,771 

183,494 

(<0 

C<9 

( c ) 

13,804 

21,354 

( c ) 

( c ) 

( c ) 

36,242 

144,857 

(0 

( c ) 

( c ) 

14,244 

25,889 

Petroleum...barrels.. 
Phosphate rock, long 
tons. 









Salt.barrels.. 

Sand and gravel, 
short tons. 

205,079 

172,065 

236,178 

157,024 

Scythestones. 


(«) 

5,640,800 
d 440,775 



Silver, fine ounces 
(troy). 



10,445,900 



11,630,600 

6,280,500 
d 215-, 657 

Stone... 


(d) 

( c ) 


(d) 

( c ) 

Sulphur...long tons.. 
Uranium and vana¬ 
dium ores, short 
tons. 

(«) 


(C) 




(«) 

7,004 

( c ) 

798,456 
1,113,193 

Zinc.short tons.. 



7,221 

779,868 

732,842 



Miscellaneous. 


22,542 


43,311 

Total value, elim¬ 
inating dupli¬ 
cations. 





$39,233,716 

$41,139,075 



a Value not included in total value. 

b Exclusive of pottery, which is included under “Miscellaneous.” 
c Value included under “ Miscellaneous.” 
d Derived product includes stone sold rough. 


The manufacture of Portland cement began in Utah in 1910, with 
an output of 811,800 barrels, valued at $1,005,960. The industry 













































































CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 81 

appears to have been overdone in the first year, for the production 
dropped in 1911 to 662,849 barrels, valued at $827,523. 

Clay products of the State consist chiefly of common brick and 
front brick, with smaller amounts of vitrified brick, drain and other 
tile, and a small output of pottery. The value of the clay products 
decreased, exclusive of pottery, from $864,258 in 1910 to $548,955 in 
1911. The principal stone quarried in Utah is limestone, the larger 
part of which is used for flux in the smelters, although some is used 
for foundation work and also for building purposes. The limestone 
quarries are located principally in Cache, Morgan, Salt Lake, San 
Juan, San Pete, Tooele, and Utah counties. Utah produces also 
sandstone and granite. Other mineral products are asphalt, precious 
stones, lime, salt (gathered on the shores of the Great Salt Lake), 
arsenic, bismuth, graphite, gypsum, mineral waters, petroleum, 
phosphate rock, pottery, sulphur, vanadium minerals, sand, and gravel. 

VERMONT. 

Vermont’s principal claim to distinction as a mining State is in the 
output of its marble, granite, and slate quarries. Vermont is the 
leading State in the production of both marble and granite, and 
second in the production of slate. The marble quarries are chiefly 
in Rutland County in the west-central part of the State and in the 
immediate vicinity of Rutland and Proctor, with smaller quantities 
in Franklin County in the northwestern part and Bennington County 
in the southwestern part of the State. The granite quarries are 
along the eastern borders, the principal producing counties being 
Washington and Orange, lying almost due northeast from the marble- 
producing region. The slate production is almost exclusively from 
Rutland County. The total production of stone in Vermont in 1910 
was valued at $6,282,574, of which $3,562,850 was marble and 
$2,694,474 was granite. Limestone to the value of $25,250 was 
produced. The slate production was valued at $1,894,659—a total 
value for all quarry products of $8,177,233. In 1911 the marble 
production was valued at $3,394,930, the granite at $2,730,719, the 
limestone at $19,702, and the slate at $1,624,941—the total value for 
all quarry products being $7,770,292. The total value of all mineral 
products of Vermont was $8,720,409 in 1910, and $8,434,516 in 1911, 
so that the quarries are responsible for over 90 per cent of the State’s 
total production. If to these the value of the scythestones and soap¬ 
stone be added the quarry products represent 97 per cent of the 
total value of the State’s mineral output. The lime production in 
1910 was 38,667 short tons, valued at $203,606, and in 1911 it was 
37,333 tons, valued at $191,035. The production of soapstone, 
including talc, was 25,975 short tons in 1910, valued at $136,674; and 
29,488 short tons, valued at $200,015 for 1911. Considerable develop¬ 
ment of asbestos properties has been in progress in yermont in the 
last few years, and this promises to be an important industry in the 
State. The other less important productions are copper, mineral 
paints, clay products, mineral waters, sand, and gravel. 


82 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


The following table gives the quantity and value of the mineral 
production of Vermont during 1910 and 1911: 


Mineral ‘production of Vermont in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Asbestos .short tons.. 

Clay products.do_ 

Copper.pounds.. 

(a) 

6,060 

(«) 

b $34,038 



(«) 

(a) (6) 

(«) 

(a) (6) 




$89,253 

246 

203,606 

5,935 


$86,466 

1,935 

38,667 

609 


Lime.short tons.. 





37,333 

504 

191,035 

5,047 

Mineral paints, nat¬ 
ural pigments, 

short tons. 





Mineral waters, gal¬ 
lons sold. 

137,875 

16,660 

25,200 

$9,346 

Scythestones. 


(a) 


(*) 

Sand and gravel, 
short tons. 

66,418 

19,047 


104,852 

52,540 


Slate. 


1,894,659 

4,246,205 

c 136,674 
c 71, 755 


1,624,941 
c6,145,351 

c 200,015 
c164,672 

Stone. 


2,036,369 

<«) 

(*) 



(«) 

(«) 

(*) 


Talc and soapstone, 
short tons. 

(0 

c 25,975 

(«) 

c 29,488 

Miscellaneous. 

Total value, 
eliminating 
duplications... 





$8,720,409 

$8,434,516 


a Value included under “ Miscellaneous.^ 
b Value not included in total value, 
c Derived product includes raw product. 


VIRGINIA. 

Exclusive of the production of pig iron and inclusive of the value 
of iron ore produced, the total value of the mineral production of Vir¬ 
ginia in 1910 was $13,898,516 and in 1911 it was $13,609,364. The 
principal production included in this total was coal, the output of 
which in 1910 was 6,507,997 short tons, valued at $5,877,486, and in 
1911 was 6,864,667 short tons, valued at $6,254,804. Virginia is 
credited with having produced the first coal mined in the United 
States from a small basin contained in Henrico and Chesterfield 
counties in the eastern part of the State, near Richmond. Coal was 
known to exist in this locality as early as 1710, and before the close 
of the century shipments were made from this region to some of the 
Northern States. With the development of the more abundant and 
higher grade of coals of the Appalachian region, the industry in the 
eastern part of the State lagged and for a number of years the mines 
were not in operation. They were reopened in 1910 and in 1911 were 
again at a producing stage. The chief production of coal, how¬ 
ever, is in Wise, Tazewell, Lee, and Russell counties in the south¬ 
western portion of the State, the area of which belongs to the Appa¬ 
lachian system. The mining of coal in southwestern Virginia was 
coincident with the first Survey report on the mineral resources of 
the United States. The first shipment from the Pocahontas district 
in Tazewell County was made to Norfolk in 1883. In 1888 the pro¬ 
duction of this region had exceeded 1,000,000 tons. In 1892 the Wise 
County fields were opened, and in 1897 the production from this new 
















































CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


83 


district exceeded that of Tazewell County. The mines in Lee County 
were opened in 1905, and development of properties in Russell 
County have been active during the last two or three years. The 
output of 1911 was the largest ever obtained. 

The production of pig iron in Virginia, the value of which is not in¬ 
cluded in the total, amounted in 1910 to 402,625 long tons, valued 
at $5,576,599, decreasing in 1911 to 308,789 long tons, valued at 
$3,898,285. Most of the blast furnaces are located in the south¬ 
western part of the State, convenient to the iron ores and fuels. The 
iron-ore production of Virginia, most of which is brown ore, amounted 
to 903,377 long tons, valued at $1,845,144, in 1910, and to 610,871 
long tons, valued at $1,146,188, in 1911. It is produced principally 
in Botetourt, Allegheny, Pulaski, and Wythe counties, and the 
larger part is used in the furnaces of the companies operating the 
mines. 

Most of the coals mined in the southwestern part of Virginia 
possess coking qualities, although 2 banks of ovens, 1 at Low Moor and 
1 at Covington, are supplied with coal from the New River district in 
West Virginia. The total production of coke in Virginia in 1910 was 
1,493,655 short tons, valued at $2,731,348, and in 1911, in sympathy 
wdth the decrease in the production of iron ore and the manufacture 
of pig iron, it was 910,411 short tons, valued at $1,615,609. 

The value of the clay products of Virginia in 1911 were valued at 
$1,739,900 against $1,839,687 in 1910. Common brick represents 
80 per cent of the total value, and about 18 per cent is represented by 
the value of front brick. A smaller quantity of ornamental and fire 
brick and tile is also produced. The value of the output of the stone 
quarries was $1,000,089 in 1910 and $821,798 in 1911, the principal 
stones produced being granite and limestones. The principal granite 
operations are in the vicinity of Richmond in Henrico County. The 
granite of this area has a high reputation as a building stone. A large 
portion of the production is crushed for use in roadmaking, railroad 
ballast, and concrete. Considerable quantities of limestone are also 
used for these purposes, but the larger portion of the output is con¬ 
sumed as flux m the iron furnaces. Virginia is the leading State in 
the production of manganese ore and of pyrite and is the only pro¬ 
ducer of rutile. Virginia stands first in the production of soapstone, 
most of which is manufactured into various heat-resisting articles, 
such as hearthstones, mantels, griddles, sinks, etc., before being 
marketed. The quarries are located in the soapstone belt, which has 
its greatest development in Albemarle and Nelson counties. The 
production in 1910 amounted to 25,908 short tons, valued in the 
condition in which first sold at $510,781, and in 1911 the production 
was 26,759 short tons, valued at $660,926. The production of lime, 
which might also be included in the output of the stone quarries, was 
141,257 short tons, valued at $563,567, in 1910 and 132,133 short 
tons, valued at $483,016, in 1911. 

Other products of less importance are barytes, copper, cement, 
feldspar, precious stones (occasionally), gypsum, lead, mica, mill¬ 
stones (in which Virginia ranks second), mineral paints, mineral 
waters, salt, sand-lime brick, gold, silver, slate, zinc, sand, and gravel. 


84 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


The following table gives the mineral production of Virginia during 
1910 and 1911: 


Mineral production of Virginia in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Asbestos.short tons.. 





OO 

oo 

00 

(a) 


•• 

Barytes.do_ 

00 

OO 





Cement.barrels.. 

00 

00 

$1,839,687 

(a) 

00 

$1,739,900 

Clay products, short 
tons. 

530 
6,507,997 

b $1,486 
5,877,486 

10,666 
6,864,667 

6$3,087 
6,254,804 

Coal.short tons.. 



Coke.do_ 

1,493,655 

105,313 

62,731,348 
13,375 

910,411 

61,615,609 

Copper.pounds.. 





Feldspar.short tons.. 
Ferro-alloys, long tons 
Gold, fine ounces 
(troy). 

00 

00 

(a) 

00 



00 V) 

44 

00 (O 

900 

00 

oo 

(a) (6) 

150 

00 

3,100 

OO 

(a) 





Gypsum.short tons.. 
Infusorial earth. 

oo 


OO 






Iron ore.. .long tons.. 
Iron, pig.do_ 

903,377 

1,845,144 


610,871 

1,146,188 


402,625 
87 

141,257 

65,576,599 
7,656 
563,567 

308.789 
400 
132,133 

63,898.285 
36.000 
4S3,016 

Lead.... .short tons.. 





Lime.do_ 





Manganese ore and 
manganiferous ore, 
long tons. 

2,059 

18,509 

2,962 

25,770 

Mica^. 




00 

17.635 

( a ) 

Millstones. 




5,273 




Mineral paints, nat¬ 
ural pigments, 
short tons... 






00 

Mineral waters, gal¬ 
lons sold. 

2,441,923 

OO 

301,523 

00 



2,474,918 
150,800 

298,701 
558,494 

Pyrite_long tons.. 

Rutile .. .short tons.. 





566 

00 

44,480 
00 



Salt.barrels.. 





00 

00 

Sand and gravel, 
short tons. 

764,321 

215,416 

553,996 

204,170 

Sand-lime brick. 


00 

100 

148,721 

613,735 

c510,781 
126,144 
891,988 



Silver, fine ounces 
(troy). 



200 



200 

100 

188,808 
«821,798 

c 660,926 
25,992 
1,171,274 

Slate.. ’.. 





Stone. 


386,354 

(0 



(0 

(0 


Talc and soapstone, 
short tons. 

(0 

c 25,908 
1,168 

(0 

C26,759 
228 

Zinc.short tons.. 

Miscellaneous. 


536,677 


14,688 

Total value, 
eliminating 
duplications . 





$13,898,516 

$13,609,364 


a Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 
b Value not included in total value, 
c Derived product includes raw product. 


WASHINGTON. 

f 

Washington is the only State on the Pacific coasts in which coal 
is the chief product, and it is also the only one of the three Pacific 
coast States in which coal mining is an industry of any importance. 
In 1910 out ot the total production, valued at $16,693,030, that of 
the coal output represented $9,764,465, or approximately 60 per 
cent. In 1911, out of a total value for the State of $15,853,556, the 
coal output was valued at $8,174,170, or 51.6 per cent. The smaller 
production of coal in 1911, it having decreased from 3,911,899 short 
tons in 1910, to 3,572,815 short tons, was due to the competition of 









































































































CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


85 


fuel oil fiom California. The advantages of fuel oil are so marked* 
particularly as a sparkless fuel in the heavily forested State of Wash¬ 
ington, that transportation companies having their own coal mines 
are using oil in their locomotives from Portland and Puget Sound 
through and beyond the forested areas. The maximum of produc¬ 
tion of coal in Washington was that attained in 1910. Coal mining 
began in Washington as early as in 1860, when the United States 
Census reported an output of 5,374 short tons. In 1882, the first of 
the thirty years of which Mineral Resources has kept record, the 
production had increased to 177,340 tons. Before the end of that 
decade, however, in 1888, active exploitation of the coal areas of 
Washington began, and the output had exceeded 1,200,000 tons. It 
passed the 2,000,000-ton mark in 1899, and four years later exceeded 
3,000,000 tons. It would probably have passed the 4,000,000- 
ton mark in 1911 except for the competition of fuel oil. With 
the exception of a small area, known as the Roslyn field on the 
eastern edge of the Cascade Mountains in Kittitas County, the 
principal coal fields of Washington are in close proximity to Puget 
Sound, Seattle and Tacoma obtaining their fuel supply from mines 
less than 50 miles distant. The principal producing counties are 
King, Kittitas, and Pierce. Some of the Pierce County coal makes a 
fair grade of coke, and ovens located at Fairfax and Wilkeson make 
coke from the slack coal produced in the mining operations. All 
the coal is washed before coking, and most of the coke is sold to the 
smelter at Tacoma; smaller quantities going to Portland and Seattle 
for foundry use. 

Next to coal the chief mining industry in Washington is clay work¬ 
ing, of which the principal products are sewer pipe, common brick, 
asbestos, terra cotta, fireproofing, in the order named. Washington 
is one of only two States in which the manufacture of sewer pipe 
constitutes the most important of the clay products. The clay¬ 
working industries in 1910 produced wares to the value of $3,023,854 
and in 1911, $2,840,372. The principal producing counties are King, 
Spokane, and Stevens. 

The principal stone products of Washington are granite and sand¬ 
stone, with smaller amounts of marble and limestone. Unlike coal 
mining and clay working the quarry industry in Washington showed 
an increase in i911 over 1910. The total value of the stone produc¬ 
tion increased from $1,118,059 in 1910 to $1,679,872 in 1911. The 
granite, most of which is produced in Clarke, Cowlitz, King, Lewis, 
Pierce, Snohomish, Spokane, and Yakima counties, increased from 
$642,992 in 1910 to $1,345,551 in 1911. The limestone, produced 
chiefly in San Juan and Snohomish counties, decreased from $438,538 
in 1910 to $32,478 in 1911. Washington produces small quantities 
of gold and silver. In 1910 the gold production amounted to 
38,990 fine ounces, valued at $806,000, and the silver to 204,900 fine 
ounces, valued at $110,600. In 1911 the production of gold was 
40,635 fine ounces, valued at $840,000 and that of silver was 230,300 
ounces, valued at $124,400. The digging of gravel for concrete and 
railroad ballast is an industry of some importance. The principal 
production of sand is for building. The total production of sand and 
gravel amounted to 1,575,289 short tons, valued at $481,569, in 1910, 
and to 1,145,369 short tons, valued at $338,400, in 1911. Tungsten 

63564°—12-6 


86 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


ore to the value of $51,768 was produced in 1910. Other substances 
produced are arsenic, cement, copper, mineral paints, precious stones 
(occasionally), lead, lime, sand-lime brick, mineral waters, pig iron, 
zinc-lead, and zinc pigment. 

The following table gives the quantity and value of the mineral 
production of Washington in 1910 and 1911: 

Mineral production of Washington in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

i 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Briquets, fuel, short 
tons. 



(9 

(9 

(9 

(9 

d$3,023,854 



(9(9 

960,573 

(9 (9 

$1,496,807 

d2, 840,372 

Cement.barrels.. 





Clay products, short 
tons. 

3,851 

3,911,899 

b $7,132 
9,764,465 

1,187 

3,572,815 

6$2,753 
8,174,170 

Coal.short tons.. 



Coke.do_ 

59,337 

65,021 

38,990 

b 347,540 
8,258 

806,000 

40,180 
195,503 

40,635 

b 216.262 
24,438 

840,000 

Copper.pounds.. 





Gold, fine "ounces, 
(troy). 





Gypsum, e short 
tons. 





Iron ore...long tons.. 
Iron, pig.do_ 

(9 

(9 







(9(9 

311 
35,540 

(9 

(9 

(9 (9 

27.368 
267,735 

(9 

(9 





Lead."_short tons.. 





601 
35,094 

(9 

54.090 
228,933 

(9 

Lime.do_ 





Mineral paints, natu-, 
ral pigments, short 
tons. 





Zinc-lead pigments, 
short tons. 





Mineral waters, gal¬ 
lons sold. 

31,200 

1,575,289 

12,571 

481,569 

148, 800 

1,145, 369 

14,654 

338, 400 



Sand and gravel, 
short tons. 





Sand-lime brick. 


(9 

110.600 
/1,118,059 

51,768 


(9 

124,400 
/1,679,872 

(9 

1,368 
75,052 

Silver, fine ounces, 
(troy). 



204,900 



230,300 

Stone.. 


(/) 


(/) 

Tungsten ore (60 per 
cent concentrates) 
short tons. 


103 


(9 

12 

Zinc.short tons.. 





Miscellaneous. 


(/) 


/1,148,561 



Total value 
el i minating 
duplications.. 






$16,693,030 

$15,853,556 


a No report for 1910. 
b Value not included in total value, 
c Value included under “ Miscellaneous.” 

d Exclusion of pottery, which is included under “Miscellaneous.” 
e No gypsum mined. Alaskan gypsum calcined in Washington. 
/ Derived product includes raw product. 


WEST VIRGINIA. 

West A irginia bases its claim to distinction in the mining industry 
as a producer of solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels. In the production 
of coal West Virginia ranks second in quantity and third in value of 
its output; in the production of petroleum it ranks fourth; and in the 
production of natural gas it stands at the head of all the States. 
These three fuels represent 90 per cent of the total mineral production 
as expressed in values. Coal alone constitutes over 50 per cent, 
natural gas over 20 per cent, and petroleum over 15 per cent. In 













































































CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 


87 


the total value of its mineral production West Virginia ranked 
second in 1910, with $102,477,594, and third, with $101,948,248, in 
1911, and though more than 90 per cent of its total mineral produc¬ 
tion is represented by its fuels, it ranks thirty-fourth in the value of 
its manufactures. Not more than 20 per cent of the coal, petroleum, 
and natural gas produced in West Virginia is consumed for useful 
purposes within the State. The principal consumption of coal in 
West Virginia is by the locomotives hauling the trams, carrying the 
coal and the coke outside of the State’s borders. With the largest 
supply of coking coal in the United States and ranking second in 
the quantity of coke produced, West Virginia manufactured only 
222,135 long tons of pig iron in 1910 and 287,472 tons in 1911. The 
production of coke in West Virginia was 3,803,850 short tons, valued 
at $7,354,059, in 1910, and 2,291,049 short tons, valued at $4,236,845, 
in 1911. This does not, however, represent by any means the total 
quantity of coke made from West Virginia coal, as ovens at Low 
Moor and Covington in Virginia, at Indianapolis and Gary in Indiana, 
at Chicago and Joliet in Illinois, and at Hamilton and Cleveland in 
Ohio, draw their supplies of coal from the West Virginia mines. In 
the 30 years during which the volumes of Mineral Resources have 
been published, the coal production of West Virginia has increased 
nearly thirtyfold. In 1882 the production of the State was estimated 
at 2,240,000 short tons, which was probably slightly in excess of the 
actual production, as in 1881 it had amounted to 1,680,000 short 
tons. In 1910, the year of the maximum output, the production 
amounted to 61,671,019 short tons, valued at $56,665,061. In 1911 
the production of coal amounted to 59,831,580 short tons, valued at 
$53,670,515. The principal producing counties are Fayette, Kanawha, 
Logan, McDowell, Mercer, Putnam, and Mingo, in the southern part 
of the State, and Barbour, Harrison, Marion, Mineral, Preston, Tay¬ 
lor, and Tucker, in the northern part of the State. Coal is produced 
in 35 out of 55 counties in the State. 

The petroleum production, which amounted to 11,753,071 barrels 
valued at $15,723,544 in 1910 and to 9,795,464 barrels valued at 
$12,767,293 in 1911, is principally from Ritchie, Pleasants, Tyler, 
Wetzel, and Harrison counties. It is impossible to make a county 
distribution of the production of natural gas. 

Next to fuels, the clay products are the most important, and of 
these the value of the pottery represents two-thirds of the total. 
West Virginia is third among the States in the value of pottery 
products, being exceeded only by Ohio and New Jersey. Of the other 
clay products, vitrified brick is the most important, followed by 
common brick, tile, and fire brick. The first trial in the United 
States of vitrified brick as a paving material was made in Charleston, 
W. Va. The total value of the clay products was $3,998,045 in 1910, 
of which $2,675,588 was the value of the pottery. In 1911 the total 
value of the clay products was $4,333,420, of which the pottery prod¬ 
ucts constituted $2,880,202. The principal quarry products are 
limestone and sandstone, the latter predominating in proportion of 
about four to one. The northern part of the Shenandoah Valley is 
particularly rich in limestone suitable for iron-furnace flux, and 
approximately 70 per cent of the limestone produced in the State is 
for this purpose. The remainder is chiefly crushed stone used for 
railroad ballast, roadmaking, and concrete; a little is also used for 


88 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


building. The value of the quarry products was $1,106,012 in 1911, 
against $1,054,192 in 1910. The sand and gravel production of 
West Virginia amounted to 745,241 short tons, valued at $474,461, 
in 1910, and to 749,391 short tons, valued at $532,388, in 1911, 
about 60 per cent of the value being in the output of glass sand, in 
which West Virginia ranks next to Pennsylvania. 

Other less important products of the State are bromine, calcium 
chloride, cement, grindstones, iron ore, lime, mineral waters, and salt. 

The following table gives the quantity and value of the mineral 
production of West Virginia during 1910 and 1911: 


Mineral production of West Virginia in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Bromine_pounds.. 



(a) 

(a) 

(a) 

(a) 

(a) 

(a) 

$3,998,045 



77,908 

(°) 

(a) 

$12,322 

(°) 

(a) 

4,333,420 

Calcium chloride, 
short tons. 





Cement.barrels.. 





Clay products, 
short tons. 

69,630 

61,671,019 

6$51,543 
56,665,061 

73,304 

59,831,580 

6 $48,576 
53,670,515 

Coal.short tons.. 



Coke.do_ 

3,803,850 

67,354,039 

(a) 

2,291,049 

64,236,845 

(a) 

Grindstones. 





Iron ore... long tons.. 
Iron, pig.do_ 

O) 

(a) 


(a) 

(?) 


(a) (6) 

90,419 

(a) (b) 

274,205 

(a) (6) 

179,966 

(a) (6) 
536,660 

Lime.short tons.. 





Mineral waters, gal¬ 
lons sold. 

336,444 

81,742 
23,816,553 
15,723,544 

259,686 

67,687 
28,451,907 
12,767,293 

Natural gas. 





Petr oleum... barrels.. 
Salt.do_ 

11,753,071 



9,795,464 



155,625 

62,955 

183,379 

78,805 

Sand and gravel 
.short tons.. 

745,241 

474,461 

(■«) 

u 

749,391 

532,388 

( c ) 

( c ) 

Stone. 


cl, 054,192 
c3,658,961 


cl, 106,012 
c4,415,847 

Miscellaneous. 





Total value, 
eliminat i n g 
duplications.. 





$102,477,594 

$101,948,248 


« Value included under “Miscellaneous.” c Derived product includes raw product. 

6 Value not included in total value. 


WISCONSIN. 

The product in which Wisconsin leads all other States is mineral 
waters. The output of mineral waters in Wisconsin is chiefly from 
the Waukesha Springs in Waukesha County, the value of which ex¬ 
ceeds that of the output from the Saratoga Springs in New York. 
The value of the mineral waters produced in Wisconsin in 1910 was 
$974,366, decreasing to $955,988 in 1911, whereas the value of the 
waters sold in New York was $858,635 in 1910 and $939,003 in 1911. 
Although Wisconsin leads in the value of mineral waters, the most 
important mineral product of the State is iron ore. Wisconsin is in¬ 
cluded in the Lake Superior iron-ore district, portions of the Me¬ 
nominee and Gogebic ranges extending from Michigan into Wisconsin. 
Wisconsin is, however, much behind Minnesota and Michigan in the 
quantity of iron ore produced, only about 2 per cent of the total 
production of the- Lake Superior region being credited to Wisconsin. 
Tho production in Wisconsin in 1911 was a little less than one-half 
what it was in 1910, the figures being 1,149,551 long tons, valued at 
































































CONDITIONS AND OUTPUT IN 1910 AND 1911. 89 


$3,610,349, in 1910, and 559,763 long tons, valued at $1,386,616, in 
1911. 

Wisconsin is the third State in the Union in the production of lime 
and fourth in the production of zinc and pyrite. The zinc production 
of Wisconsin in 1910 was 19,752 short tons, valued at $2,133,216, 
and in 1911 it was 31,809 short tons, valued at $3,626,226. The 
lime production was 248,238 short tons, valued at $959,405, in 
1910, and 250,638 short tons, valued at $961,558, hi 1911. The 
principal quarry products are granite and limestone. The former, 
quarried chiefly in Douglas, Green Lake, Marathon, Marquette, 
Marinette, Waupaca, and Waushara counties, was valued at 
$475,342 in 1910 and at $1,382,309 in 1911. Limestone, valued at 
$979,522 in 1910 and at $848,363 in 1911, is quarried in Brown, 
Buffalo, Dane, Dodge, Door, Fond du Lac, Grant, Green Lake, Iowa, 
Kewaunee, La Crosse, Marathon, Milwaukee, Outagamie, Ozaukee, 
Racine, Sheboygan, Vernon, Walworth, Waukesha, and Winnebago 
counties. The other products are clay, graphite, gypsum, lead, 
mineral paints, pig iron, quartz, sand-lime brick, sand and gravel, 
and zinc oxide. The total value of the mineral production of Wis¬ 
consin was $12,451,436 in 1911, against $13,084,021 in 1910. 

The following table gives the quantity and value of the mineral 
production of Wisconsin by substances during 1910 and 1911: 


Mineral production of Wisconsin in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 - 

• 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Briquets, fuel, short 
tons. 



(9 

09 

$1,176,883 

09(9 



00 (<0 

09 (9 

$1,158,139 

09(9 

Clay products, short 
tons. 

359 

b $518 

586 

*$1,222 

Coke short tons.. 

09(9 

09 ( c ) 

Graphite, amorphous, 
short tons 

(9 

(9 

(9 

( c ) 

Gypsum .short tons.. 




09 

Iron ore.. .long tons.. 
Iron, pig . . .do_ 

1,149,551 

3,610,349 



559,763 

1,386,616 


278,232 
3,884 
248,238 

*4,386,859 

341,792 

959,405 

245,152 
3,967 
250,638 

*3,803,049 

357,030 

961,558 

T,p»d short tons 





Tiimfl do 





Manganiferous ore, 

long tons 

(9 

(9 

(9 

(9 

Mineral paints, natu¬ 
ral pigments, short 
tons 

2,057 

(<0 

14,916 

(9 

2,048 

( c ) 

11,258 

(9 

Zinc-lead pigments, 
short tons 





Mineral waters, gal- 
lnn«! cold 

6,400,812 

12,555 

(9 

1,451,758 

974,366 

49,467 

(9 

425,563 

5,716,162 

12,893 

(9 

3,676,855 

955,988 

50.025 

(9 

731,692 

Pyrite_long tons.. 

Quartz.. .short tons.. 
Sand and gravel, short 
tons 













Sand-lime brink 


29,399 


68,312 
/2,375,102 
3,626,226 
3,118,746 

Stone 


375,486 


2,269,032 
2.133.216 


(/) 


Zinc shn|*t tons 


19,752 


31.809 

\f; Qpp 11 on pon s 


(/) 

/3,121.629 


30,418 

Total value, 
eliminating 
duplications.. 





$13,084,021 

$12,451,436 


a No report for 1910. 

* Value not included in total value. 
c Value included under “Miscellaneous.” 

d Not mined, but calcined in Wisconsin. Value included under “ Miscellaneous.” 
e Tonnage and value included in iron ore. 

/ Derived product includes raw product. 
















































































90 


MINERAL RESOURCES. 


WYOMING. 

The only mineral product of much importance in Wyoming is 
coal, the value of which represents over 90 per cent of the total min¬ 
eral production. The principal coal-mining operations are at Rock 
Springs and Sweetwater in Sweetwater County, Cheyenne and 
Kemmerer in Uinta County, Sheridan, Monarch, and Dietz in Sheri¬ 
dan County, Rawlins in Carbon County, andGebo in Bighorn County. 
Other coal-producing counties are Converse, Crook, Fremont, John¬ 
son, Park, and Weston. The total value of all mineral production 
in Wyoming in 1910 was $12,766,915, of which the coal production, 
7,533,088 short tons, represented in value $11,706,187. In 1911 the 
coal production amounted to 6,744,864 short tons, valued at 
$10,508,863, and the total mineral production was valued at 
$11,486,982. 

Wyoming, unlike most of the Rocky Mountain States, is not 
an important producer of any of the metals, the total value of the 
copper, gold, and silver production in the State being less than 
$50,000, and the value of all mineral products outside of coal being 
about $1,000,000. The mineral products which contribute to this are 
asbestos, clay manufactures, copper, gold, gypsum, iron ore, mineral 
waters, lime, natural gas, petroleum, phosphate rock, silver, sulphur, 
sand, and gravel. The development of the extensive phosphate 
deposits in the southwestern part of the State gives promise of 
establishing an important industry in the future. 

The following table gives the quantity and value of the mineral 
production of Wyoming during 1910 and 1911: 

Mineral production of Wyoming in 1910 and 1911. 


Product. 

1910 

1911 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Raw. 

Derived. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Asbestos.short tons.. 

Clay products .do_ 

Coal.do_ 

(<l) 532 
7,533, OSS 

(a) 

b $1,392 
11,706,187 



09%) 

6,744,864 

(a) 

( a )(b) 
$10,508,863 




$50,237 


$77,146 

Copper_. .pounds.. 

217,127 

27,575 

130,499 

16,312 

30 

21,300 

116,238 

Gems and precious 
stones. 





Gold, fine ounces 
(troy). 



198 

4,100 
150,181 



1,030 

Gypsum .short tons.. 
Iron ore.. .long tons.. 
Lime.short tons.. 

57.163 
656,629 


44,687 

479,922 


656,629 


479,922 


143 

1,783 

09 

(a) 

Mineral waters, gal¬ 
lons sold. 

(«) 

(°) 

(a 

(a) 

09 

(a) 

(0) 

(o) 

(o) 

09 

58,548 

Natural gas. 





Petroleum... barrels.. 
Phosphate rock, long 
tons. 

. 09 

09 



09 

09 

784,865 







Sand and gravel, 
short tons. 





Silver, fine ounces 
(troy). 



1,300 

700 

24,827 

700 

400 
c 40,544 

Stone. 


24,174 
(a) 

120,522 


( c ) 

(a) 

d 168,379 

Sulphur...long tons.. 
Miscellaneous. 

00 


(a) 





00 

Total value, 
eliminating 
duplications.. 






$12,766,915 

$11,486,982 


a Value included under “ Miscellaneous.” c Derived product includes stone sold rough. 

b Value not included in total value. d Derived product included in raw product. 

O 


LB My’13 











































































































































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